A report on East Africa

Image of the region between Lake Victoria (on the right) and Lakes Edward, Kivu and Tanganyika (from north to south) showing dense vegetation (bright green) and fires (red).
The Bab-el-Mandeb crossing in the Red Sea: now some 12 miles (20 km) wide, narrower in prehistory.
Early Iron Age findings in East and Southern Africa
Map of British East Africa in 1911

Eastern subregion of the African continent.

- East Africa
Image of the region between Lake Victoria (on the right) and Lakes Edward, Kivu and Tanganyika (from north to south) showing dense vegetation (bright green) and fires (red).

58 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Extent of the Indian Ocean according to International Hydrographic Organization

Indian Ocean

5 links

Third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering 70560000 km2 or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface.

Third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering 70560000 km2 or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface.

Extent of the Indian Ocean according to International Hydrographic Organization
The Indian Ocean, according to the CIA The World Factbook (blue area), and as defined by the IHO (black outline - excluding marginal waterbodies).
During summer, warm continental masses draw moist air from the Indian Ocean hence producing heavy rainfall. The process is reversed during winter, resulting in dry conditions.
Air pollution in South Asia spread over the Bay of Bengal and beyond.
Madagascar's Elephant bird, Mauritius's Dodo bird and ostrich (from left to right)
According to the Coastal hypothesis, modern humans spread from Africa along the northern rim of the Indian Ocean.
The Austronesian maritime trade network was the first trade routes in the Indian Ocean.
Greco-Roman trade with ancient India according to the Periplus Maris Erythraei 1st century CE
The economically important Silk Road was blocked from Europe by the Ottoman Empire in c. undefined 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This spurred exploration, and a new sea route around Africa was found, triggering the Age of Discovery.
For most of the 16th century, the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean trade.
Malé's population has increased from 20,000 people in 1987 to more than 220,000 people in 2020.
An unnamed Chagossian on Diego Garcia in 1971 shortly before the British expelled the islanders when the island became a U.S. military base. The man spoke a French-based creole language and his ancestors were most likely brought to the uninhabited island as slaves in the 19th century.
Major ocean trade routes in the world includes the northern Indian Ocean.
Mombasa Port on Kenya's Indian Ocean coast

From 1405 to 1433 admiral Zheng He said to have led large fleets of the Ming Dynasty on several treasure voyages through the Indian Ocean, ultimately reaching the coastal countries of East Africa.

Mogadishu

1 links

Capital and most populous city of Somalia.

Capital and most populous city of Somalia.

Engraving of the 13th century Fakr ad-Din Mosque built by Fakr ad-Din, the first Sultan of the Sultanate of Mogadishu
Mogadishan currency
Entrance of a coral stone house in Mogadishu
Flag of the Ajuran, a Somali empire of which medieval Mogadishu was an important city.
Almnara Tower, Mogadishu
Downtown Mogadishu in 1936. Arba'a Rukun Mosque to the centre right. Nearby can be seen the Catholic Cathedral and the Arch of Umberto.
An avenue in Mogadishu in 1963
Metropolitan Mogadishu in the 1980s
Aerial view of a residential area in Mogadishu (1992)
Mogadishu Overview
Mogadishu as seen from the International Space Station
The Mogadishu beachfront
The Mogadishu municipality headquarters
Turkey's embassy in Mogadishu
Hormuud Telecom is one of many firms with headquarters in Mogadishu
A clothing and footwear shop in downtown Mogadishu.
The Mosque of Islamic Solidarity is the largest masjid in the Horn of Africa
Old fort used as Museum National Museum of Somalia
Bakaara Market in the heart of Mogadishu
The Mogadishu University main campus
The Hamar Jajab School in Mogadishu
Mogadishu development in 2020
The Banadir Stadium being renovated
Newly constructed roads and buildings in Mogadishu (2015)
Mogadishu taxis
A Somali Airlines Boeing 707-338C in flight (1984). The Mogadishu-based national carrier was relaunched in late 2013.
The Aden Adde International Airport
The Port of Mogadishu serves as a major national seaport.
Radio Mogadishu analog-to-digital machine

Mogadishu enjoyed the height of its prosperity during the 14th and 15th centuries and was during the early modern period considered the wealthiest city on the East African coast, as well as the center of a thriving textile industry.

17th-century Masjid in Hafun.

Ras Hafun

1 links

Promontory in the northeastern Migiurtinia region of Somalia.

Promontory in the northeastern Migiurtinia region of Somalia.

17th-century Masjid in Hafun.
One of the forts of the Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) in Hafun.

Jutting out into the Guardafui Channel, it constitutes the easternmost point in Africa.

Landscape near Olorgesailie

Olorgesailie

1 links

Landscape near Olorgesailie
Hand axes
Animal fossils from Olorgesailie

Olorgesailie is a geological formation in East Africa, on the floor of the Eastern Rift Valley in southern Kenya, 67 km southwest of Nairobi along the road to Lake Magadi.

View of Olduvai Gorge with the Naibor Soit hills visible in the distance.

Olduvai Gorge

1 links

One of the most important paleoanthropological localities in the world; the many sites exposed by the gorge have proven invaluable in furthering understanding of early human evolution.

One of the most important paleoanthropological localities in the world; the many sites exposed by the gorge have proven invaluable in furthering understanding of early human evolution.

View of Olduvai Gorge with the Naibor Soit hills visible in the distance.
Olduvai Gorge from space
Topography map of the Olduvai Gorge
247x247px
Worked lithic flake
543x543px
The oldest human-made object in the British Museum<ref>{{cite web|title=A History of the World in 100 Objects|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/a_history_of_the_world/objects.aspx#2|website=The British Museum|access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>
The spot where the first P. boisei was discovered in Tanzania
Oldowan stone chopper
About 1.8 million years old

A steep-sided ravine in the Great Rift Valley that stretches across East Africa, it is about 48 km long, and is located in the eastern Serengeti Plains within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in the Olbalbal ward located in Ngorongoro District of Arusha Region, about 45 km from Laetoli, another important archaeological locality of early human occupation.

Panthera leo melanochaita

0 links

Range map including proposed clades and the two subspecies (P. l. leo and P. l. melanochaita) according to genetic research
Lion from Ethiopia at Bronx Zoo
A lion male from the northeastern clade at Samburu
A lion male from the southeastern clade in the Serengeti
Lion male from southwestern clade at Etosha
A maneless lion in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya
A cub in Kruger National Park
Tourist petting tame lions, Livingstone, Zambia
The Coat of arms of South Africa featured a lion from 1910 to 1932
Skulls of various male African lions, with melanochaita at the bottom

Panthera leo melanochaita is a lion subspecies in Southern and East Africa.

Buganda

1 links

Bantu kingdom within Uganda.

Bantu kingdom within Uganda.

Kabaka Palace in Kampala
A blind Buganda harpist c. 1911

Unified in the 13th century (1300AD) under the first king Kato Kintu, the founder of Buganda's Kintu Dynasty, Buganda grew to become one of the largest and most powerful states in East Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Tanganyika Territory

2 links

League of Nations mandates in the Middle East and Africa, with no. 11 representing Tanganyika
Tanganyika stamp, 1925, with giraffe
League of Nations mandates in the Middle East and Africa, with no. 11 representing Tanganyika
Map of Tanganyika Territory

Tanganyika was a colonial territory in East Africa which was administered by the United Kingdom in various guises from 1916 to 1961.

South African soldiers with a captured Italian flag, 1941

East African campaign (World War II)

2 links

South African soldiers with a captured Italian flag, 1941

The East African campaign (also known as the Abyssinian campaign) was fought in East Africa during the Second World War by Allies of World War II, mainly from the British Empire, against Italy and its colony of Italian East Africa, between June 1940 and November 1941.

Loop of warming sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Tropical Pacific

El Niño

1 links

Warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (approximately between the International Date Line and 120°W), including the area off the Pacific coast of South America.

Warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (approximately between the International Date Line and 120°W), including the area off the Pacific coast of South America.

Loop of warming sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Tropical Pacific
Average equatorial Pacific temperatures
Map showing Niño3.4 and other index regions
Colored bars show how El Niño years (red, regional warming) and La Niña years (blue, regional cooling) relate to overall global warming. El Niño years usually correspond to annual global temperature increases.
Regional impacts of warm ENSO episodes (El Niño)
El Niño has the most direct impacts on life in the equatorial Pacific, its effects propagate north and south along the coast of the Americas, affecting marine life all around the Pacific. Changes in chlorophyll-a concentrations are visible in this animation, which compares phytoplankton in January and July 1998. Since then, scientists have improved both the collection and presentation of chlorophyll data.

In Africa, East Africa—including Kenya, Tanzania, and the White Nile basin—experiences, in the long rains from March to May, wetter-than-normal conditions.