A report on East Jerusalem, State of Palestine, Palestinian National Authority and Israel

2018 United Nations OCHA map of the area, showing Israeli occupation arrangements

Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton and Yasser Arafat at the Oslo Accords signing ceremony on 13 September 1993.

Map of East Jerusalem. The Arab areas are coloured green, while the Jewish areas are blue.

Demonstration against road block, Kafr Qaddum, March 2012

The Merneptah Stele (13th century BCE). The majority of biblical archeologists translate a set of hieroglyphs as "Israel," the first instance of the name in the record.

William McLean's 1918 plan was the first urban planning scheme for Jerusalem. It laid the foundations for what became West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem.

CIA remote-sensing map of areas governed by the Palestinian Authority, July 2008.

Old Roman era gate beneath the Damascus Gate (Bab al-'Amud) in Jerusalem

The destroyed Palestinian Legislative Council building in Gaza City, Gaza–Israel conflict, September 2009

The Palestinian legislative election in 2006, Hamas (green) and Fatah (yellow)

The Large Stone Structure, an archaeological site in Jerusalem

Map of Israeli settlements in the West Bank

Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), President of the Palestinian Authority since 2005 (disputed since 2009).

King Hussein flying over the Temple Mount while it was under Jordanian control, 1965

International recognition of the State of Palestine

Map of Israel and Judah in the 9th century BCE

Aerial view of the ancient Jewish cemetery on Mount of Olives

Children waving a Palestinian flag, West Bank

Portion of the Temple Scroll, one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, written during the Second Temple period

2018 United Nations map of the area, showing the Israeli occupation arrangements.

Kfar Bar'am, an ancient Jewish village, abandoned some time between the 7th–13th centuries CE.

Illustration of Palestinian Christian home in Jerusalem, ca 1850. By W. H. Bartlett

The 13th-century Ramban Synagogue in Jerusalem

Jerusalem municipal area, under Israel in 2000

Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. CIA remote sensing map showing areas they consider settlements, plus refugee camps, fences, walls, etc.

The First Zionist Congress (1897) in Basel, Switzerland

East Jerusalem, with Israeli West Bank barrier in the background

UN Map, "Palestine plan of partition with economic union"

Territory held by Israel: The Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt in 1982.

UN map showing a series of Israeli "Inner Settlements" – each represented as red crosses – with clusters in the Old City, to the south adjacent to the City of David (shown as "Beit Hazofe" (בית הצופה, "Observation House")) and Ma'ale HaZeitim, and to the north around Shimon HaTzadik.

Israel's 1980 law declared that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel."

The new building is Schmidt's Girls College.

Shimon Peres (left) with Yitzhak Rabin (center) and King Hussein of Jordan (right), prior to signing the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in 1994.

The site of the 2001 Tel Aviv Dolphinarium discotheque massacre, in which 21 Israelis were killed.

Köppen climate classification map of Israel and the Golan Heights

Immigration to Israel in the years 1948–2015. The two peaks were in 1949 and 1990.

Road sign in Hebrew, Arabic, and English

The Dome of the Rock and the Western Wall, Jerusalem.

Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University

Mount Scopus Campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Knesset chamber, home to the Israeli parliament

Supreme Court of Israel, Givat Ram, Jerusalem

Map of Israel showing the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights

Israeli West Bank barrier separating Israel and the West Bank

Area C of the West Bank, controlled by Israel under Oslo Accords, in blue and red, in December 2011

Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat at the signing ceremony of the Oslo Accords with then US President Bill Clinton

Squad commanders exercise at Eliakim training base in 2012

Iron Dome is the world's first operational anti-artillery rocket defense system.

Change in per capita GDP of Israel since 1950. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.

The Diamond Exchange District in Ramat Gan

Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Its building is optimized for computer trading, with systems located in an underground bunker to keep the exchange active during emergencies.

The world's largest solar parabolic dish at the Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center.

Ein Bokek resort on the shore of the Dead Sea

Shmuel Yosef Agnon, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature

Israel Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Zubin Mehta

Shrine of the Book, repository of the Dead Sea Scrolls in Jerusalem

A meal including falafel, hummus, French fries and Israeli salad

East Jerusalem (القدس الشرقية, al-Quds ash-Sharqiya; מִזְרַח יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, Mizraḥ Yerushalayim) is the sector of Jerusalem that was held by Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, as opposed to the western sector of the city, West Jerusalem, which was held by Israel.

- East Jerusalem

However, its claimed territory has been occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967; the West Bank is currently split into 165 Palestinian enclaves under partial Palestinian National Authority (PNA) civil rule, and 230 Israeli settlements into which Israeli law is "pipelined", while Gaza is ruled by Hamas and under a long-term blockade by Egypt and Israel since 2007.

- State of Palestine

The Palestinian Authority was formed in 1994, pursuant to the Gaza–Jericho Agreement between the PLO and the government of Israel, and was intended to be a five-year interim body.

- Palestinian National Authority

Palestinians and many in the international community consider East Jerusalem to be the future capital of the State of Palestine.

- East Jerusalem

East Jerusalem was excluded from the Accords.

- Palestinian National Authority

It was soon recognized by all Arab League members except Transjordan, which had occupied and later annexed the West Bank, including East Jerusalem.

- State of Palestine

Israel later captured the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria during the Six-Day War in June 1967.

- State of Palestine

Israel has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, though these actions have been rejected as illegal by the international community, and established settlements within the occupied territories, which are also considered illegal under international law.

- Israel

The State of Palestine has become recognized by 138 nations and since November 2012, the United Nations voted to recognize the State of Palestine as a non-member UN observer state.

- Palestinian National Authority

Since that time Israel has shut down all offices and NGO organisations connected to the PLO in East Jerusalem, saying that the Oslo Accords do not permit the Palestinian National Authority to operate in Jerusalem.

- East Jerusalem

The following year, Shimon Peres on behalf of Israel, and Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords, which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

- Israel

During the summit, Barak offered a plan for the establishment of a Palestinian state.

- Israel

5 related topics with Alpha

A depiction of Syria and Palestine from CE 650 to 1500

Palestinians

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Ethnonational group descending from peoples who have inhabited the region of Palestine over the millennia, and who are today culturally and linguistically Arab.

A loom at work making a traditional Palestinian keffiyeh in Hebron, Palestine. The keffiyeh is a traditional headdress with origins in Arabia

A veiled Arab woman in Bersheeba, Palestine c.1940

Tawfiq Canaan (1882–1964) was a pioneering Palestinian ethnographer and Palestinian nationalist. Deeply interested in Palestinian folklore (principally Canaanite, Philistine, Hebraic, Nabatean, Syrio-Aramaic and Arab), Canaan wrote several books and more than 50 articles on the matter

Depiction of Palestine in the time of Saul c. 1020 BC according to George Adam Smith's 1915 Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land

Edward Said and Daniel Barenboim in Sevilla, 2002

Saladin's Falcon, the coat of arms and emblem of the Palestinian Authority

Khalil Beidas's 1898 use of the word "Palestinians" in the preface to his translation of Akim Olesnitsky's [[:File:Olesnitsky A. The Holy Land. Vol. 1 (Russian).djvu|A Description of the Holy Land]]

A 1930 protest in Jerusalem against the British Mandate by Palestinian women. The sign reads "No dialogue, no negotiations until termination [of the Mandate]"

UN stamp to commemorate the Palestinian struggle

Musa Alami (1897-1984) was a Palestinian nationalist and politician and was viewed in the 1940s as the leader of the Palestinians

Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, leader of the Army of the Holy War in 1948

Yasser Arafat, Nayef Hawatmeh and Kamal Nasser in a Jordan press conference in Amman, 1970

Palestinian Druze family making bread 1920

Areen Omari, a Palestinian actress and producer, attends a motion picture ceremony

Palestinian market at Jaffa, 1877 painting

Palestinian novelist and non-fiction writer Susan Abulhawa

Palestinian-American writer Naomi Shihab Nye

Samah Sabawi is a Palestinian dramatist, writer and journalist.

American radio personality and record producer DJ Khaled, of Palestinian descent

Palestinians attending prayers at the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the holiest site in Christianity

Palestinian Christian Scouts on Christmas Eve in front of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem, 2006

Jews in 'Ben Zakai' house of prayer, Jerusalem, 1893.

Tomb of Jethro in Hittin, Northern Israel.

Muslims pray in Jerusalem, 1840. By David Roberts, in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia

A Palestinian Christian family in Ramallah, Ottoman Palestine, 1905

Married Eastern Orthodox priest from Jerusalem with his family (three generations), circa 1893

Musakhan: The Palestinian National dish.

A plate of hummus, garnished with paprika and olive oil and pine nuts

A Palestinian youth serving Falafel in Ramallah.

The Alhamra Cinema, Jaffa, 1937, bombed December 1947

Villagers in Halhul at an open-air cinema screening c. 1940

Young woman of Ramallah wearing dowry headdress, c. 1898–1914

Ramallah woman, c. 1920, Library of Congress

A Traditional Women's Dress in Ramallah, c. 1920.

Palestinian Dabke folk dance being performed by men

Palestinian women dancing traditionally, Bethlehem c. 1936

Marco Zaror is a Chilean martial artist of Palestinian descent.

Nicolás Massú is a Chilean tennis player of Palestinian descent.

Roberto Bishara Adawi is a footballer of Palestinian descent.

Despite various wars and exoduses, roughly one half of the world's Palestinian population continues to reside in the territory of former British Palestine, now encompassing the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (the Palestinian territories) as well as Israel.

In this combined area,, Palestinians constituted 49 percent of all inhabitants, encompassing the entire population of the Gaza Strip (1.865 million), the majority of the population of the West Bank (approximately 2,785,000 versus some 600,000 Israeli settlers, which includes about 200,000 in East Jerusalem), and almost 21 percent of the population of Israel proper as part of its Arab citizens.

The Palestinian National Authority, officially established in 1994 as a result of the Oslo Accords, is an interim administrative body nominally responsible for governance in Palestinian population centres in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

Followed by the PLO's 1988 proclamation of a State of Palestine, these developments served to further reinforce the Palestinian national identity.

Orient House, the former PLO headquarters in Jerusalem

Palestine Liberation Organization

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The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية, Munaẓẓamat at-Taḥrīr al-Filasṭīniyyah) is a Palestinian nationalist political and militant organization founded in 1964 with the initial purpose of establishing Arab unity and statehood over the territory of former Mandatory Palestine, in opposition to the State of Israel.

As the official recognized government of the de jure State of Palestine, it has enjoyed observer status at the United Nations (UN) since 1974.

Under President Arafat, the Fatah-dominated Palestinian Authority adopted the 2003 Amended Basic Law, which stipulates Islam as the sole official religion in Palestine and the principles of Islamic sharia as a principal source of legislation.

In 1988, however, the PLO officially endorsed a two-state solution, contingent on terms such as making East Jerusalem capital of the Palestinian state and giving Palestinians the right of return to land occupied by Palestinians prior to 1948, as well as the right to continue armed struggle until the end of "The Zionist Entity."

Bill Clinton, Yitzhak Rabin, Yasser Arafat at the White House in 1993

Oslo Accords

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Area C, controlled by Israel under Oslo Accords, in blue and red, in December 2011

The Oslo Accords are a pair of agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993; and the Oslo II Accord, signed in Taba, Egypt, in 1995.

Among the notable outcomes of the Oslo Accords was the creation of the Palestinian National Authority, which was tasked with the responsibility of conducted limited Palestinian self-governance over parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip; and the international acknowledgement of the PLO as Israel's partner in permanent-status negotiations about any remaining issues revolving around the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

Bilateral dialogue stems from questions related to the international border between Israel and a future Palestinian state: negotiations for this subject are centred around Israeli settlements, the status of Jerusalem, Israel's maintenance of control over security following the establishment of Palestinian autonomy, and the Palestinian right of return.

While Peres had limited settlement construction at the request of US Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright, Netanyahu continued construction within existing Israeli settlements, and put forward plans for the construction of a new neighborhood, Har Homa, in East Jerusalem.

West Bank

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Landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediterranean in Western Asia.

The Cave of the Patriarchs is one of the most famous holy sites in the region.

King Hussein flying over the Temple Mount in Jerusalem when it was under Jordanian control, 1965

U.S. President George Bush and Mahmoud Abbas in Ramallah, 2008

View of the Judaean Mountains from Ramallah

Map of West Bank settlements and closures in January 2006: Yellow = Palestinian urban centers. Light pink = closed military areas or settlement boundary areas or areas isolated by the Israeli West Bank barrier; dark pink = settlements, outposts or military bases. The black line = route of the Barrier

Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. CIA remote sensing map showing areas considered settlements, plus refugee camps, fences, walls, etc.

Qalandiya Checkpoint between Ramallah and Jerusalem

Checkpoint before entering Jericho, 2005

It is bordered by Jordan and the Dead Sea to the east and by Israel (see Green Line) to the south, west, and north.

Under an Israeli military occupation since 1967, its area is split into 165 Palestinian "islands" that are under partial civil administration by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and 230 Israeli settlements into which Israeli law is "pipelined".

The West Bank's borders also include the lands that comprise East Jerusalem.

Alongside the self-governing Gaza Strip, the Israeli-occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem are claimed by the State of Palestine as its sovereign territory, and thus remain a flashpoint of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

Yasser Arafat

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Palestinian political leader.

Arafat with Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine leader, Nayef Hawatmeh and Palestinian writer Kamal Nasser at press conference in Amman, 1970

Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser (center) mediating an agreement between Arafat and Jordanian King Hussein to end to the Black September conflict, during the emergency Arab League summit, September 1970

Yasser Arafat visits East Germany in 1971; background: Brandenburg Gate

Yasser Arafat with Bhim Singh, founder of Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party, in the 1970s.

Arafat in a Palestinian refugee camp in Southern Lebanon, 1978

Arafat with Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish (center) and PFLP leader George Habash (right) in Syria, 1980

Arafat with Iranian Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan, days after Iranian Revolution

Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Arafat during the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993

Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat receiving the Nobel Peace Prize following the Oslo Accords

Arafat with PNA cabinet members Yasser Abed Rabbo (left) and Nabil Shaath (right) at a meeting in Copenhagen, 1999

Arafat with Ehud Barak and Bill Clinton at Camp David Summit, 2000

Arafat's "temporary" tomb in Ramallah, 2004

Honour guard at attention over Yasser Arafat's tombstone in mausoleum, opened 10 November 2007 at the PNA presidential headquarters in Ramallah

He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004.

Opposed to the 1948 creation of the State of Israel, he fought alongside the Muslim Brotherhood during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Arafat refused, citing his belief in the need for a Palestinian state with Palestinian leadership.

It called for a Palestinian national authority over every part of "liberated" Palestinian territory, which refers to areas captured by Arab forces in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (present-day West Bank, East Jerusalem and Gaza Strip).