A report on Palestinians, East Jerusalem and Israel

A depiction of Syria and Palestine from CE 650 to 1500

2018 United Nations OCHA map of the area, showing Israeli occupation arrangements

A loom at work making a traditional Palestinian keffiyeh in Hebron, Palestine. The keffiyeh is a traditional headdress with origins in Arabia

Map of East Jerusalem. The Arab areas are coloured green, while the Jewish areas are blue.

The Merneptah Stele (13th century BCE). The majority of biblical archeologists translate a set of hieroglyphs as "Israel," the first instance of the name in the record.

A veiled Arab woman in Bersheeba, Palestine c.1940

William McLean's 1918 plan was the first urban planning scheme for Jerusalem. It laid the foundations for what became West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem.

Tawfiq Canaan (1882–1964) was a pioneering Palestinian ethnographer and Palestinian nationalist. Deeply interested in Palestinian folklore (principally Canaanite, Philistine, Hebraic, Nabatean, Syrio-Aramaic and Arab), Canaan wrote several books and more than 50 articles on the matter

Old Roman era gate beneath the Damascus Gate (Bab al-'Amud) in Jerusalem

The Large Stone Structure, an archaeological site in Jerusalem

Depiction of Palestine in the time of Saul c. 1020 BC according to George Adam Smith's 1915 Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land

King Hussein flying over the Temple Mount while it was under Jordanian control, 1965

Map of Israel and Judah in the 9th century BCE

Edward Said and Daniel Barenboim in Sevilla, 2002

Aerial view of the ancient Jewish cemetery on Mount of Olives

Portion of the Temple Scroll, one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, written during the Second Temple period

Saladin's Falcon, the coat of arms and emblem of the Palestinian Authority

2018 United Nations map of the area, showing the Israeli occupation arrangements.

Kfar Bar'am, an ancient Jewish village, abandoned some time between the 7th–13th centuries CE.

Khalil Beidas's 1898 use of the word "Palestinians" in the preface to his translation of Akim Olesnitsky's [[:File:Olesnitsky A. The Holy Land. Vol. 1 (Russian).djvu|A Description of the Holy Land]]

The 13th-century Ramban Synagogue in Jerusalem

A 1930 protest in Jerusalem against the British Mandate by Palestinian women. The sign reads "No dialogue, no negotiations until termination [of the Mandate]"

Jerusalem municipal area, under Israel in 2000

UN stamp to commemorate the Palestinian struggle

Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. CIA remote sensing map showing areas they consider settlements, plus refugee camps, fences, walls, etc.

The First Zionist Congress (1897) in Basel, Switzerland

Musa Alami (1897-1984) was a Palestinian nationalist and politician and was viewed in the 1940s as the leader of the Palestinians

East Jerusalem, with Israeli West Bank barrier in the background

UN Map, "Palestine plan of partition with economic union"

Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, leader of the Army of the Holy War in 1948

Territory held by Israel: The Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt in 1982.

UN map showing a series of Israeli "Inner Settlements" – each represented as red crosses – with clusters in the Old City, to the south adjacent to the City of David (shown as "Beit Hazofe" (בית הצופה, "Observation House")) and Ma'ale HaZeitim, and to the north around Shimon HaTzadik.

Israel's 1980 law declared that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel."

Yasser Arafat, Nayef Hawatmeh and Kamal Nasser in a Jordan press conference in Amman, 1970

The new building is Schmidt's Girls College.

Shimon Peres (left) with Yitzhak Rabin (center) and King Hussein of Jordan (right), prior to signing the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in 1994.

The site of the 2001 Tel Aviv Dolphinarium discotheque massacre, in which 21 Israelis were killed.

Köppen climate classification map of Israel and the Golan Heights

Immigration to Israel in the years 1948–2015. The two peaks were in 1949 and 1990.

Palestinian Druze family making bread 1920

Road sign in Hebrew, Arabic, and English

Areen Omari, a Palestinian actress and producer, attends a motion picture ceremony

The Dome of the Rock and the Western Wall, Jerusalem.

Palestinian market at Jaffa, 1877 painting

Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University

Mount Scopus Campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Palestinian novelist and non-fiction writer Susan Abulhawa

The Knesset chamber, home to the Israeli parliament

Palestinian-American writer Naomi Shihab Nye

Supreme Court of Israel, Givat Ram, Jerusalem

Samah Sabawi is a Palestinian dramatist, writer and journalist.

Map of Israel showing the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights

Israeli West Bank barrier separating Israel and the West Bank

American radio personality and record producer DJ Khaled, of Palestinian descent

Area C of the West Bank, controlled by Israel under Oslo Accords, in blue and red, in December 2011

Palestinians attending prayers at the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the holiest site in Christianity

Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat at the signing ceremony of the Oslo Accords with then US President Bill Clinton

Palestinian Christian Scouts on Christmas Eve in front of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem, 2006

Squad commanders exercise at Eliakim training base in 2012

Iron Dome is the world's first operational anti-artillery rocket defense system.

Jews in 'Ben Zakai' house of prayer, Jerusalem, 1893.

Change in per capita GDP of Israel since 1950. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.

Tomb of Jethro in Hittin, Northern Israel.

The Diamond Exchange District in Ramat Gan

Muslims pray in Jerusalem, 1840. By David Roberts, in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia

Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Its building is optimized for computer trading, with systems located in an underground bunker to keep the exchange active during emergencies.

A Palestinian Christian family in Ramallah, Ottoman Palestine, 1905

Married Eastern Orthodox priest from Jerusalem with his family (three generations), circa 1893

The world's largest solar parabolic dish at the Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center.

Ein Bokek resort on the shore of the Dead Sea

Shmuel Yosef Agnon, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature

Musakhan: The Palestinian National dish.

Israel Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Zubin Mehta

A plate of hummus, garnished with paprika and olive oil and pine nuts

Shrine of the Book, repository of the Dead Sea Scrolls in Jerusalem

A Palestinian youth serving Falafel in Ramallah.

A meal including falafel, hummus, French fries and Israeli salad

The Alhamra Cinema, Jaffa, 1937, bombed December 1947

Villagers in Halhul at an open-air cinema screening c. 1940

Young woman of Ramallah wearing dowry headdress, c. 1898–1914

Ramallah woman, c. 1920, Library of Congress

A Traditional Women's Dress in Ramallah, c. 1920.

Palestinian Dabke folk dance being performed by men

Palestinian women dancing traditionally, Bethlehem c. 1936

Marco Zaror is a Chilean martial artist of Palestinian descent.

Nicolás Massú is a Chilean tennis player of Palestinian descent.

Roberto Bishara Adawi is a footballer of Palestinian descent.

East Jerusalem (القدس الشرقية, al-Quds ash-Sharqiya; מִזְרַח יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, Mizraḥ Yerushalayim) is the sector of Jerusalem that was held by Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, as opposed to the western sector of the city, West Jerusalem, which was held by Israel.

- East Jerusalem

Despite various wars and exoduses, roughly one half of the world's Palestinian population continues to reside in the territory of former British Palestine, now encompassing the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (the Palestinian territories) as well as Israel.

- Palestinians

In this combined area,, Palestinians constituted 49 percent of all inhabitants, encompassing the entire population of the Gaza Strip (1.865 million), the majority of the population of the West Bank (approximately 2,785,000 versus some 600,000 Israeli settlers, which includes about 200,000 in East Jerusalem), and almost 21 percent of the population of Israel proper as part of its Arab citizens.

- Palestinians

Palestinians and many in the international community consider East Jerusalem to be the future capital of the State of Palestine.

- East Jerusalem

Over 700,000 Palestinian Arabs, about half of the pre-war Arab population, were expelled from or fled the territory Israel would come to control.

- Israel

Israel has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, though these actions have been rejected as illegal by the international community, and established settlements within the occupied territories, which are also considered illegal under international law.

- Israel

14 related topics with Alpha

CIA remote-sensing map of areas governed by the Palestinian Authority, July 2008.

Second Intifada

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Palestinian uprising against Israel.

Monument to Israeli Arab casualties in October 2000 riots, Nazareth

Dolphinarium Massacre memorial at the Tel Aviv Dolphinarium site with the names of the victims written in Russian

Military equipment confiscated from Karine A

The aftermath of a bus bombing in Haifa in 2003

Early Israeli construction of West Bank barrier, 2003

Israeli forces uncover a smuggling tunnel in Gaza, May 2004

Rocket and mortar shells from Gaza into Israel, February 2009

IDF Caterpillar D9 armoured bulldozer. Military experts cited the D9 as a key factor in keeping IDF casualties low.

The Israeli Air Force (IAF) AH-64 Apache were used as platform for shooting guided missiles at Palestinian targets and employed at the targeted killings policy against senior militants and terrorists leaders.

The iconic picture of Faris Odeh, who was killed in early November 2000, throwing a stone at an Israel Defense Forces tank in the Gaza Strip.

While Peres had limited settlement construction at the request of US Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright, Netanyahu continued construction within existing Israeli settlements and put forward plans for the construction of a new neighbourhood, Har Homa, in East Jerusalem.

Unlike the First Intifada, a Palestinian civil uprising mainly focused on mass protests and general strikes, the Second Intifada rapidly turned into an armed conflict between Palestinian militant groups and the Israel Defense Forces.

Palestinian tactics focused on Israeli civilians, soldiers, police and other security forces, and methods of attack included suicide bombings, launching rockets and mortars into Israel, kidnapping of both soldiers and civilians, including children, shootings, assassination, stabbings, stonings, and lynchings.

Central Israel and Area C (blue), the part of the West Bank under full Israeli control, 2011
(For a more up-to-date, interactive map, see here).

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

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One of the world's most enduring conflicts, beginning in the mid-20th century.

The Palestinian Arab Christian-owned Falastin newspaper featuring a caricature on its 18 June 1936 edition showing Zionism as a crocodile under the protection of a British officer telling Palestinian Arabs: "don't be afraid!!! I will swallow you peacefully...".

The Arab revolt of 1936–1939 in Palestine, motivated by opposition to mass Jewish immigration.

Land in the lighter shade represents territory within the borders of Israel at the conclusion of the 1948 war. This land is internationally recognized as belonging to Israel.

A peace movement poster: Israeli and Palestinian flags and the words peace in Arabic and Hebrew.

Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993.

A fatally wounded Israeli school boy, 2011

Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. CIA remote sensing map showing what the CIA regards as settlements, plus refugee camps, fences, and walls

Home in Balata refugee camp demolished during the second Intifada, 2002

Remains of an Egged bus hit by suicide bomber in the aftermath of the 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks. Eight people were killed, about 40 were injured.

An Israeli child wounded by a Hamas Grad rocket fired on the city of Beer Sheva is taken to a hospital

Area C, controlled by Israel under Oslo Accords, in blue and red, in December 2011

Protest against land confiscation held at Bil'in, 2011

A neighbourhood in Ariel, home to the Ariel University

The barrier between Israel and Palestine and an example of one of the Israeli-controlled checkpoints

Bar chart showing Israeli and Palestinian deaths from September 2000 to July 2014

However, public support for a two-state solution, which formerly enjoyed support from both Israeli Jews and Palestinians, has dwindled in recent years.

Occupied Palestinian Territory is the term used by the United Nations to refer to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip—territories which were captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War, having formerly been controlled by Egypt and Jordan.

When Israel became a state after the war in 1948, 77% of Palestine's land was used for the creation on the state.

Captain Avraham "Bren" Adan raising the Ink Flag at Umm Rashrash (a site now in Eilat), marking the end of the war

1948 Arab–Israeli War

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The second and final stage of the 1947–1949 Palestine war.

Palmach M4 Sherman tank leading a convoy

King Abdullah outside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 29 May 1948, the day after Jordanian forces took control of the Old City in the Battle for Jerusalem

Sherman tanks of the Israeli 8th Armoured Brigade, 1948

IDF soldiers of the Samson's Foxes unit advance in a captured Egyptian Bren Gun carrier.

A "Butterfly" improvised armoured car of the Haganah at Kibbutz Dorot in the Negev, Israel 1948. The armoured car is based on CMP-15 truck. The car has brought supply to the kibbutz. The Negev Kibbutz's children were later evacuated by those cars from their kibbutz, before an expected Egyptian Army attack.

Mathematics professor Michael Fekete, the Provost of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, with his water quota, during the siege of Jerusalem

Syrian R-35 light tank destroyed at Degania Alef

Kaukji, the Arab Liberation Army commander

An Egyptian Spitfire shot down over Tel Aviv on 15 May 1948

Volunteers evacuating a wounded man during Egyptian bombardment of Tel Aviv.

Northland in Greenland circa 1944 which became the Israeli INS Eilat

Palestine Military Situation, 11 June 1948. Truman Papers

UN Palestine mediator, Folke Bernadotte, assassinated in September 1948 by the militant group Lehi

An Egyptian artillery piece captured by battalion 53 of the Givati Brigade.

Israeli soldiers in Lod (Lydda) or Ramle

Israeli armoured vehicles in Lydda airport after the town's capture by Israeli forces

Arab forces surrender to the victorious Israelis in Ramla.

Beit Horon Battalion soldiers in the Russian Compound in Jerusalem, 1948

An Israeli mortar team outside Safsaf in October 1948

Israeli soldiers attack Sasa during Operation Hiram, October 1948.

Israeli troops occupying abandoned Egyptian trenches at Huleiqat, October 1948

IDF forces in Beersheba during Operation Yoav

IDF forces near Bayt Nattif (near Hebron) after it was captured. Oct 1948.

An Israeli convoy in the Negev during Operation Horev

The funeral of a Royal Air Force pilot killed during a clash with the Israeli Air Force

Transjordan took control of East Jerusalem and what became known as the West Bank, annexing it the following year, and the Egyptian military took control of the Gaza Strip.

On 14 May 1948, David Ben-Gurion declared the establishment of the State of Israel and the 1948 Palestine war entered its second phase with the intervention of the Arab state armies and the beginning of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

More than 1.4 million Palestinians still live in 58 recognised refugee camps, while more than 5 million Palestinians live outside Israel and the Palestinian territories.

David Ben-Gurion

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Poalei Zion's "Ezra" group in Plonsk, 1905. David Grün (David Ben-Gurion) in the first row, third on the right.

Ben Gurion with Rachel Nelkin and members of Ezra on eve of their departure to Palestine, August 1906; His father and step-mother sitting in the windows

Ben Gurion working at Rishon Lezion winery (front row, 6th from right), 1908.

Ben-Gurion in his Jewish Legion uniform, 1918

David and Paula Ben-Gurion, 1 June 1918.

The Histadrut committee in 1920. Ben Gurion is in the 2nd row, 4th from the right.

From left: David Ben-Gurion and Paula with youngest daughter Renana on BG's lap, daughter Geula, father Avigdor Grün and son Amos, 1929

David Ben-Gurion with Yigal Allon and Yitzhak Rabin in the Negev, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

David Ben-Gurion visits 101 Squadron, the "First Fighter Squadron".

David Ben-Gurion proclaiming independence beneath a large portrait of Theodor Herzl, founder of modern Zionism.

U.S. President Harry S. Truman in the Oval Office, receiving a Menorah as a gift from the Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion (center). To the right is Abba Eban, the Ambassador of Israel to the United States.

David Ben-Gurion speaking at the Knesset, 1957

Ben-Gurion on the cover of Time (16 August 1948)

thumb|Graves of Paula and David Ben-Gurion, Midreshet Ben-Gurion

thumb|Sculpture of David Ben-Gurion at Ben Gurion Airport, named in his honor

thumb|Esplanade Ben Gourion, Paris, near the Seine, in front of the Musée du Quai Branly

thumb|David Ben-Gurion Square—site of the house where Ben-Gurion was born, Płońsk, Wspólna Street.

thumb|House at town square in Płońsk, Poland, where David Ben-Gurion grew up

thumb|English Heritage blue plaque where Ben-Gurion lived in London

David Ben-Gurion (דָּוִד בֶּן-גּוּרִיּוֹן ; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first Prime Minister of Israel.

Ben-Gurion recognized the strong attachment of Palestinian Arabs to the land.

Israel then captured the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank, including East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria in a series of campaigns.