A report on East Jerusalem, Israel, State of Palestine and Status of Jerusalem

2018 United Nations OCHA map of the area, showing Israeli occupation arrangements

Map of East Jerusalem. The Arab areas are coloured green, while the Jewish areas are blue.

The Merneptah Stele (13th century BCE). The majority of biblical archeologists translate a set of hieroglyphs as "Israel," the first instance of the name in the record.

Demonstration against road block, Kafr Qaddum, March 2012

Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. CIA remote sensing map showing refugee camps, fences, walls, and what at the time they regarded as settlements.

William McLean's 1918 plan was the first urban planning scheme for Jerusalem. It laid the foundations for what became West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem.

Old Roman era gate beneath the Damascus Gate (Bab al-'Amud) in Jerusalem

The Large Stone Structure, an archaeological site in Jerusalem

The destroyed Palestinian Legislative Council building in Gaza City, Gaza–Israel conflict, September 2009

Map of Israeli settlements in the West Bank

King Hussein flying over the Temple Mount while it was under Jordanian control, 1965

Map of Israel and Judah in the 9th century BCE

International recognition of the State of Palestine

Aerial view of the ancient Jewish cemetery on Mount of Olives

Portion of the Temple Scroll, one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, written during the Second Temple period

Children waving a Palestinian flag, West Bank

2018 United Nations map of the area, showing the Israeli occupation arrangements.

Kfar Bar'am, an ancient Jewish village, abandoned some time between the 7th–13th centuries CE.

The 13th-century Ramban Synagogue in Jerusalem

Illustration of Palestinian Christian home in Jerusalem, ca 1850. By W. H. Bartlett

Jerusalem municipal area, under Israel in 2000

Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. CIA remote sensing map showing areas they consider settlements, plus refugee camps, fences, walls, etc.

The First Zionist Congress (1897) in Basel, Switzerland

East Jerusalem, with Israeli West Bank barrier in the background

UN Map, "Palestine plan of partition with economic union"

Territory held by Israel: The Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt in 1982.

UN map showing a series of Israeli "Inner Settlements" – each represented as red crosses – with clusters in the Old City, to the south adjacent to the City of David (shown as "Beit Hazofe" (בית הצופה, "Observation House")) and Ma'ale HaZeitim, and to the north around Shimon HaTzadik.

Israel's 1980 law declared that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel."

The new building is Schmidt's Girls College.

Shimon Peres (left) with Yitzhak Rabin (center) and King Hussein of Jordan (right), prior to signing the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in 1994.

The site of the 2001 Tel Aviv Dolphinarium discotheque massacre, in which 21 Israelis were killed.

Köppen climate classification map of Israel and the Golan Heights

Immigration to Israel in the years 1948–2015. The two peaks were in 1949 and 1990.

Road sign in Hebrew, Arabic, and English

The Dome of the Rock and the Western Wall, Jerusalem.

Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University

Mount Scopus Campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Knesset chamber, home to the Israeli parliament

Supreme Court of Israel, Givat Ram, Jerusalem

Map of Israel showing the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights

Israeli West Bank barrier separating Israel and the West Bank

Area C of the West Bank, controlled by Israel under Oslo Accords, in blue and red, in December 2011

Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat at the signing ceremony of the Oslo Accords with then US President Bill Clinton

Squad commanders exercise at Eliakim training base in 2012

Iron Dome is the world's first operational anti-artillery rocket defense system.

Change in per capita GDP of Israel since 1950. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.

The Diamond Exchange District in Ramat Gan

Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Its building is optimized for computer trading, with systems located in an underground bunker to keep the exchange active during emergencies.

The world's largest solar parabolic dish at the Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center.

Ein Bokek resort on the shore of the Dead Sea

Shmuel Yosef Agnon, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature

Israel Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Zubin Mehta

Shrine of the Book, repository of the Dead Sea Scrolls in Jerusalem

A meal including falafel, hummus, French fries and Israeli salad

East Jerusalem (القدس الشرقية, al-Quds ash-Sharqiya; מִזְרַח יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, Mizraḥ Yerushalayim) is the sector of Jerusalem that was held by Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, as opposed to the western sector of the city, West Jerusalem, which was held by Israel.

- East Jerusalem

Tel Aviv is the economic and technological center of the country, while its seat of government is in its proclaimed capital of Jerusalem, although Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is unrecognized internationally.

- Israel

The main dispute revolves around the legal status of East Jerusalem and especially the Old City of Jerusalem, while broader agreement exists regarding future Israeli presence in West Jerusalem in accordance with Israel's internationally recognised borders.

- Status of Jerusalem

Palestinians and many in the international community consider East Jerusalem to be the future capital of the State of Palestine.

- East Jerusalem

The status of Jerusalem has been described as "one of the most intractable issues in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict", with conflicting claims to sovereignty over the city or parts of it, and access to its holy sites.

- East Jerusalem

It was soon recognized by all Arab League members except Transjordan, which had occupied and later annexed the West Bank, including East Jerusalem.

- State of Palestine

Israel later captured the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria during the Six-Day War in June 1967.

- State of Palestine

Although Palestine claims Jerusalem as its capital, the city is under the control of Israel; both Palestine's and Israel's claims to the city are mostly not recognized by the international community.

- State of Palestine

Israel has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, though these actions have been rejected as illegal by the international community, and established settlements within the occupied territories, which are also considered illegal under international law.

- Israel

The PNA claims all of East Jerusalem, including the Temple Mount, as the capital of the State of Palestine, and claims that West Jerusalem is also subject to final status negotiations, but is willing to consider alternative solutions, such as making Jerusalem an open city.

- Status of Jerusalem

During the summit, Barak offered a plan for the establishment of a Palestinian state.

- Israel

3 related topics with Alpha

Jerusalem

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City in Western Asia.

Close up of the Khirbet Beit Lei inscription, showing the earliest extra-biblical Hebrew writing of the word Jerusalem, dated to the seventh or sixth century BCE

Stepped Stone Structure in the City of David, the ancient core of Jerusalem during the Bronze Age and Iron Age

The Siloam Inscription, written in Biblical Hebrew, commemorates the construction of the Siloam tunnel (c. 700 BCE)

Modern-day reconstruction of Jerusalem during the reign of Solomon (10th century BCE). Solomon's Temple appears on top.

Holyland Model of Jerusalem, depicting the city during the late Second Temple period. First created in 1966, it is continuously updated according to advancing archaeological knowledge

A coin issued by the Jewish rebels in 68 CE. Obverse: "Shekel, Israel. Year 3". Reverse: "Jerusalem the Holy", in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet

Stones from the Western Wall of the Temple Mount thrown during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE

The Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans (David Roberts, 1850)

Jerusalem mural depicting the Cardo during the Byzantine period.

1455 painting of the Holy Land. Jerusalem is viewed from the west; the octagonal Dome of the Rock stands left of Al-Aqsa, shown as a church, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre stands on the left side of the picture.

Medieval illustration of capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade, 1099.

Jerusalem, from 'Peregrinatio in Terram Sanctam' by Bernhard von Breydenbach (1486)

1844 daguerreotype by Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey (the earliest photograph of the city).

The Knesset houses the legislature of Israel

Orient House in East Jerusalem that served as the headquarters of the PLO in the 1980s and 1990s. It was closed by Israel in 2001, two days after the Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing.

Snow visible on roofs in the Old City of Jerusalem.

Rehavia and Kiryat Wolfson, two Jewish neighborhoods, as seen from Givat Ram

Sheikh Jarrah, a predominantly Arab neighborhood on the road to Mount Scopus.

Sign in Armenian in the Armenian Quarter.

The Old City is home to many sites of seminal religious importance for the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Mamilla Mall adorned with upscale shops stands just outside the Old City Walls.

Holyland Tower, Jerusalem's tallest building

Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus campus

Hand in Hand, a bilingual Jewish-Arab school in Jerusalem

Hebron Yeshiva in Givat Mordechai neighborhood

The Shrine of the Book, housing the Dead Sea Scrolls, at the Israel Museum

Tower of David citadel and the Ottoman walls

Ben-Zakai synagogue, photo taken in 1893

Guesthouse in Mishkenot Sha'ananim, the first Jewish neighborhood built outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem (1860), on a hill directly across from Mount Zion.

Israeli policemen meet a Jordanian Legionnaire near the Mandelbaum Gate ({{Circa|1950}}).

King Hussein of Jordan flying over the Temple Mount in East Jerusalem when it was under Jordanian control, 1965.

Sunset aerial photograph of the Mount of Olives.

The Temple Mount, the site of the two former Jewish Temples, is the holiest spot in Judaism

The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall and the Kotel, is a remnant of the Second Temple and the holiest place where Jews are permitted to pray

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre contains the two holiest sites in Christianity: the site where Jesus was crucified, and Jesus's empty tomb, where he is believed by Christians to have been buried and resurrected.

Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in Sunni Islam. Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from the Great Mosque of Mecca to this location during the Night Journey.

The Garden Tomb – a new holy site established by British Protestants in the 19th century

Demographic history of Jerusalem by religion based on available data

The city straddles the Green Line between Israel and the West Bank; both Israelis and Palestinians claim Jerusalem as their capital.

Israel controls the entire city and maintains its primary governmental institutions there while the Palestinian National Authority and Palestine Liberation Organization ultimately foresee it as the seat of power for the State of Palestine.

Due to this long-running dispute, neither claim is widely recognized internationally.

During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, West Jerusalem was among the areas captured and later annexed by Israel while East Jerusalem, including the Old City, was captured and later annexed by Jordan.

Map illustrating Jewish proposals for partition of Jerusalem, presented to the 1938 Woodhead Commission.

Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)

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The internationalization proposal for Jerusalem and its surrounding area as part of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine.

Settlement patterns in same area in 2006. Purple indicates Jewish concentrations and orange indicates Palestinian Arab concentrations.

The corpus separatum was one of the main issues of the Lausanne Conference of 1949, besides the borders of Israel and the question of the Palestinian right of return.

The Partition Plan was not implemented, being firstly rejected by Palestinian and other Arab leaders and then overtaken by the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, which left Jerusalem split between Israel (West Jerusalem) and Jordan (East Jerusalem).

Presently, there is generally wide international support for the view that Jerusalem should be a dual capital, with an even split between Israel and the State of Palestine, although exact positions are divided.

Bill Clinton, Yitzhak Rabin, Yasser Arafat at the White House in 1993

Oslo Accords

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Area C, controlled by Israel under Oslo Accords, in blue and red, in December 2011

The Oslo Accords are a pair of agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993; and the Oslo II Accord, signed in Taba, Egypt, in 1995.

Bilateral dialogue stems from questions related to the international border between Israel and a future Palestinian state: negotiations for this subject are centred around Israeli settlements, the status of Jerusalem, Israel's maintenance of control over security following the establishment of Palestinian autonomy, and the Palestinian right of return.

While Peres had limited settlement construction at the request of US Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright, Netanyahu continued construction within existing Israeli settlements, and put forward plans for the construction of a new neighborhood, Har Homa, in East Jerusalem.