Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837
Portrait of Sir Francis Ronalds painted in 1867
Morse Telegraph
Ronalds' experiment with eight miles of iron wire
Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske
Elements of the subterranean electric telegraph built by Francis Ronalds in 1816
Sömmering's electric telegraph in 1809
The first successful camera for making continuous recordings of scientific instruments, built by Francis Ronalds in 1845. This example is an electrograph measuring atmospheric electricity
Revolving alphanumeric dial created by Francis Ronalds as part of his electric telegraph (1816)
Pavel Schilling, an early pioneer of electrical telegraphy
Diagram of alphabet used in a 5-needle Cooke and Wheatstone Telegraph, indicating the letter G
Morse key and sounder
GWR Cooke and Wheatstone double needle telegraph instrument
A magneto-powered Wheatstone A. B. C. telegraph with the horizontal "communicator" dial, the inclined "indicator" dial and crank handle for the magneto that generated the electrical signal.
Professor Morse sending the message – WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT on 24 May 1844
Foy–Breguet telegraph displaying the letter "Q"
Wheatstone automated telegraph network equipment
A Baudot keyboard, 1884
Phelps' Electro-motor Printing Telegraph from circa 1880, the last and most advanced telegraphy mechanism designed by George May Phelps
A Creed Model 7 teleprinter in 1930
Teletype Model 33 ASR (Automatic Send and Receive)
Major telegraph lines in 1891
The Eastern Telegraph Company network in 1901
German Lorenz SZ42 teleprinter attachment (left) and Lorenz military teleprinter (right) at The National Museum of Computing on Bletchley Park, England

He was knighted for creating the first working electric telegraph over a substantial distance.

- Francis Ronalds

The first working telegraph was built by the English inventor Francis Ronalds in 1816 and used static electricity.

- Electrical telegraph
Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837

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A Van de Graaff generator, for class room demonstrations

Electrostatic generator

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Electrical generator that produces static electricity, or electricity at high voltage and low continuous current.

Electrical generator that produces static electricity, or electricity at high voltage and low continuous current.

A Van de Graaff generator, for class room demonstrations
12" Quadruple Sector-less Wimshurst Machine (Bonetti Machine)
Typical friction machine using a glass globe, common in the 18th century
Martinus van Marum's Electrostatic generator at Teylers Museum
Holtz's influence machine
A small Wimshurst machine

Francis Ronalds automated the generation process in 1816 by adapting a pendulum bob as one of the plates, driven by clockwork or a steam engine – he created the device to power his electric telegraph.

Kelmscott House

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Grade II* listed Georgian brick mansion at 26 Upper Mall in Hammersmith, overlooking the River Thames.

Grade II* listed Georgian brick mansion at 26 Upper Mall in Hammersmith, overlooking the River Thames.

The property was once owned by Sir Francis Ronalds' family.

In 1816, he built the first electric telegraph in its garden.

Wheatstone, drawn by Samuel Laurence in 1868

Charles Wheatstone

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English scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images), and the Playfair cipher ( an encryption technique).

English scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images), and the Playfair cipher ( an encryption technique).

Wheatstone, drawn by Samuel Laurence in 1868
Wheatstone English concertina
Wheatstone in later years
Michael Faraday, T. H. Huxley, Wheatstone, David Brewster, and John Tyndall (r.)
A double-needle telegraph instrument of the type used on the Great Western Railway
Charles Wheatstone mirror stereoscope
Christ Church, Marylebone

Francis Ronalds had observed signal retardation in his buried electric telegraph cable (but not his airborne line) in 1816 and outlined its cause to be induction.