A report on Telecommunications and Electrical telegraph

Earth station at the satellite communication facility in Raisting, Bavaria, Germany
Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837
Visualization from the Opte Project of the various routes through a portion of the Internet
Morse Telegraph
A replica of one of Chappe's semaphore towers
Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske
Optical fiber provides cheaper bandwidth for long-distance communication.
Sömmering's electric telegraph in 1809
Digital television standards and their adoption worldwide
Revolving alphanumeric dial created by Francis Ronalds as part of his electric telegraph (1816)
here
Pavel Schilling, an early pioneer of electrical telegraphy
The OSI reference model
Diagram of alphabet used in a 5-needle Cooke and Wheatstone Telegraph, indicating the letter G
Morse key and sounder
GWR Cooke and Wheatstone double needle telegraph instrument
A magneto-powered Wheatstone A. B. C. telegraph with the horizontal "communicator" dial, the inclined "indicator" dial and crank handle for the magneto that generated the electrical signal.
Professor Morse sending the message – WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT on 24 May 1844
Foy–Breguet telegraph displaying the letter "Q"
Wheatstone automated telegraph network equipment
A Baudot keyboard, 1884
Phelps' Electro-motor Printing Telegraph from circa 1880, the last and most advanced telegraphy mechanism designed by George May Phelps
A Creed Model 7 teleprinter in 1930
Teletype Model 33 ASR (Automatic Send and Receive)
Major telegraph lines in 1891
The Eastern Telegraph Company network in 1901
German Lorenz SZ42 teleprinter attachment (left) and Lorenz military teleprinter (right) at The National Museum of Computing on Bletchley Park, England

It was the first electrical telecommunications system and the most widely used of a number of early messaging systems called telegraphs, that were devised to communicate text messages more rapidly than by physical transportation. Prior to the electric telegraph, semaphore systems were used, including beacons, smoke signals, flag semaphore, and optical telegraphs for visual signals to communicate over distances of land.

- Electrical telegraph

20th- and 21st-century technologies for long-distance communication usually involve electrical and electromagnetic technologies, such as telegraph, telephone, television and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, optical fiber, and communications satellites.

- Telecommunications
Earth station at the satellite communication facility in Raisting, Bavaria, Germany

3 related topics with Alpha

Overall
Chart of the Morse code 26 letters and 10 numerals

Morse code

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Chart of the Morse code 26 letters and 10 numerals
This Morse key was originally used by Gotthard railway, later by a shortwave radio amateur
Single needle telegraph instrument
Telegraph key and sounder. The signal is "on" when the knob is pressed, and "off" when it is released. Length and timing of the dits and dahs are entirely controlled by the telegraphist.
Morse code receiver, recording on paper tape
Comparison of historical versions of Morse code with the current standard. Left: Later American Morse code from 1844. Center: The modified and rationalized version used by Friedrich Gerke on German railways. Right: Current ITU standard.
A U.S. Navy Morse Code training class in 2015. The sailors will use their new skills to collect signals intelligence.
A commercially manufactured iambic paddle used in conjunction with an electronic keyer to generate high-speed Morse code, the timing of which is controlled by the electronic keyer.
A U.S. Navy signalman sends Morse code signals in 2005.
Cayo Largo Del Sur VOR-DME.
Vibroplex brand semiautomatic key (generically called a "bug"). The paddle, when pressed to the right by the thumb, generates a series of dits, the length and timing of which are controlled by a sliding weight toward the rear of the unit. When pressed to the left by the knuckle of the index finger, the paddle generates a single dah, the length of which is controlled by the operator. Multiple dahs require multiple presses. Left-handed operators use a key built as a mirror image of this one.
Representation of Morse code.
Graphical representation of the dichotomic search table. The graph branches left for each dot and right for each dash until the character representation is exhausted.
Scout movement founder Baden-Powell's mnemonic chart from 1918

Morse code is a method used in telecommunication to encode text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs.

Morse code is named after Samuel Morse, one of the inventors of the telegraph.

Claude Chappe

Claude Chappe

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French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France.

French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France.

Claude Chappe
One example of Chappe telegraph tower, in Narbonne, in the south of France.
Chappe's telegraph
Demonstration of the semaphore

This was the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age, and was used until the 1850s when electric telegraph systems replaced it.

Multiple low data rate signals are multiplexed over a single high data rate link, then demultiplexed at the other end

Multiplexing

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Multiple low data rate signals are multiplexed over a single high data rate link, then demultiplexed at the other end
Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM): The spectrum of each input signal is shifted to a distinct frequency range.
One stream, one color, light waves, in WDM.
Time-division multiplexing (TDM).
Telecommunication multiplexing

In telecommunications and computer networking, multiplexing (sometimes contracted to muxing) is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium.

The earliest communication technology using electrical wires, and therefore sharing an interest in the economies afforded by multiplexing, was the electric telegraph.