A report on Telegraphy and Electrical telegraph

Replica of Claude Chappe's optical telegraph on the Litermont near Nalbach, Germany

Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837

Schematic of a Prussian optical telegraph (or semaphore) tower, c. 1835

Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske

19th-century demonstration of the semaphore

Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle, six-wire telegraph (1837)

Revolving alphanumeric dial created by Francis Ronalds as part of his electric telegraph (1816)

Pavel Schilling, an early pioneer of electrical telegraphy

An early Cooke and Wheatstone double-needle railway telegraph instrument at the National Railway Museum

Diagram of alphabet used in a 5-needle Cooke and Wheatstone Telegraph, indicating the letter G

A block signalling instrument as used in Britain in the 20th century

Australian troops using a Mance mk.V heliograph in the Western Desert in November 1940

GWR Cooke and Wheatstone double needle telegraph instrument

US Forest Service lookout using a Colomb shutter type heliograph in 1912 at the end of a telephone line

A magneto-powered Wheatstone A. B. C. telegraph with the horizontal "communicator" dial, the inclined "indicator" dial and crank handle for the magneto that generated the electrical signal.

Professor Morse sending the message – WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT on 24 May 1844

Foy–Breguet telegraph displaying the letter "Q"

Creed paper tape reader at The National Museum of Computing

Wheatstone automated telegraph network equipment

The first message is received by the Submarine Telegraph Company in London from Paris on the Foy–Breguet instrument in 1851. The equipment in the background is a Cooke and Wheatstone set for onward transmission.

The Eastern Telegraph Company network in 1901

Phelps' Electro-motor Printing Telegraph from circa 1880, the last and most advanced telegraphy mechanism designed by George May Phelps

Alexander Bain's facsimile machine, 1850

Marconi watching associates raising the kite (a "Levitor" by B.F.S. Baden-Powell ) used to lift the antenna at St. John's, Newfoundland, December 1901

Teletype Model 33 ASR (Automatic Send and Receive)

Post Office Engineers inspect the Marconi Company's equipment at Flat Holm, May 1897

ITT Creed Model 23B teleprinter with telex dial-up facility

German Lorenz SZ42 teleprinter attachment (left) and Lorenz military teleprinter (right) at The National Museum of Computing on Bletchley Park, England

An illustration declaring that the submarine cable between England and France would bring those countries peace and goodwill

It was the first electrical telecommunications system and the most widely used of a number of early messaging systems called telegraphs, that were devised to communicate text messages more rapidly than by physical transportation. Prior to the electric telegraph, semaphore systems were used, including beacons, smoke signals, flag semaphore, and optical telegraphs for visual signals to communicate over distances of land.

- Electrical telegraph

The electric telegraph started to replace the optical telegraph in the mid-19th century.

- Telegraphy

7 related topics with Alpha

Morse code

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Method used in telecommunication to encode text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs.

This Morse key was originally used by Gotthard railway, later by a shortwave radio amateur

Telegraph key and sounder. The signal is "on" when the knob is pressed, and "off" when it is released. Length and timing of the dits and dahs are entirely controlled by the telegraphist.

Morse code receiver, recording on paper tape

Comparison of historical versions of Morse code with the current standard. Left: Later American Morse code from 1844. Center: The modified and rationalized version used by Friedrich Gerke on German railways. Right: Current ITU standard.

A U.S. Navy Morse Code training class in 2015. The sailors will use their new skills to collect signals intelligence.

A commercially manufactured iambic paddle used in conjunction with an electronic keyer to generate high-speed Morse code, the timing of which is controlled by the electronic keyer.

A U.S. Navy signalman sends Morse code signals in 2005.

Graphical representation of the dichotomic search table. The graph branches left for each dot and right for each dash until the character representation is exhausted.

Scout movement founder Baden-Powell's mnemonic chart from 1918

Morse code is named after Samuel Morse, one of the inventors of the telegraph.

The Morse system for telegraphy, which was first used in about 1844, was designed to make indentations on a paper tape when electric currents were received.

Wheatstone, drawn by Samuel Laurence in 1868

Charles Wheatstone

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English scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images), and the Playfair cipher ( an encryption technique).

Michael Faraday, T. H. Huxley, Wheatstone, David Brewster, and John Tyndall (r.)

A double-needle telegraph instrument of the type used on the Great Western Railway

However, Wheatstone is best known for his contributions in the development of the Wheatstone bridge, originally invented by Samuel Hunter Christie, which is used to measure an unknown electrical resistance, and as a major figure in the development of telegraphy.

Francis Ronalds had observed signal retardation in his buried electric telegraph cable (but not his airborne line) in 1816 and outlined its cause to be induction.

Samuel Morse

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American inventor and painter.

Birthplace of Morse, Charlestown, Massachusetts, c. 1898 photo

Daguerreotype of Samuel Morse Professor of Art while at NYU in 1839. One of the earliest existing American photographs by Dr John William Draper

Self-portrait of Morse in 1812 (National Portrait Gallery)

Dying Hercules, Morse's early masterpiece

Jonas Platt, New York politician, by Morse. Oil on canvas, 1828, Brooklyn Museum.

The House of Representatives. Oil on canvass, 1822, National Gallery of Art.

Morse maintained a studio at 94 Tradd St., Charleston, South Carolina, for a short period.

Leonard Gale, who helped Morse achieve the technological breakthrough of getting the telegraphic signal to travel long distances over wire

Cover of Foreign Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States by Samuel F.B. Morse, 1835 edition

Morse's "repeater" circuit for telegraphy was the basis for the Supreme Court's holding some claims of Morse's patent valid.

Portrait of Samuel F. B. Morse taken by Mathew Brady, in 1866. Medals worn (from wearer's right to left, top row): Nichan Iftikhar (Ottoman); Order of the Tower and Sword (Portugal); Order of the Dannebrog (Denmark); cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (Spain); Legion of Honour (France); Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy). Bottom row: Grand cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (Spain)

Statue of Samuel F. B. Morse by Byron M. Picket, New York's Central Park, dedicated 1871

Morse was honored on the US Famous Americans Series postal issue of 1940.

Captain Demaresque of Gloucester, Massachusetts, Princeton University Art Museum

Portrait of James Monroe, 5th President of the United States (c. 1819)

Eli Whitney, inventor, 1822. Yale University Art Gallery

Chart of Colors, drawn to illustrate his palette of colors

After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.

Witnessing various experiments with Jackson's electromagnet, Morse developed the concept of a single-wire telegraph.

Pavel Lvovitch Schilling. Portrait by Karl Bryullov, 1828

Pavel Schilling

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Russian military officer and diplomat of Baltic German origin.

Badge of the Golden Weapon for Bravery worn with civil suit

Schilling's tomb at Smolenskoye Lutheran Cemetery

The Manchurian alphabet, printed with Schilling's lead sorts, 1824

The Tibetan Prayerbook prepared for publication by Schilling. Leipzig, 1835

A needle instrument from Schilling's telegraph, 1828. Overall height of the enclosure was around 300 mm, the magnetic needle is 57 mm long

The Adamini Building, where Schilling lived from 1832, was large enough to house a hundred-meter telegraph line

Proposed Kronstadt-Peterhof line according to Schilling (in red) and the approved all-submerged route (blue)

Test rig for naval mines employing the Schilling fuse, as demonstrated by Schilder on March 21, 1833. The target structure A-C, made of wood and ice blocks and placed on thick ice D, emulates a wooden frigate.

A 1982 six kopek postage stamp from the USSR commemorating the 150th anniversary of Pavel Schilling's telegraph invention

Schilling is best known for his pioneering work in electrical telegraphy, which he undertook at his own initiative.

Schilling first became involved in telegraphy while he was in Munich.

A US Army Signal Corps radio operator in 1943 in New Guinea transmitting by radiotelegraphy

Wireless telegraphy

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Amateur radio operator transmitting Morse code

Tesla's explanation in the 1919 issue of "Electrical Experimenter" on how he thought his wireless system would work

Thomas Edison's 1891 patent for a ship-to-shore wireless telegraph that used electrostatic induction

Example of transatlantic radiotelegraph message recorded on paper tape at RCA's New York receiving center in 1920. The translation of the Morse code is given below the tape.

In World War I balloons were used as a quick way to raise wire antennas for military field radiotelegraph stations. Balloons at Tempelhofer Field, Germany, 1908.

Guglielmo Marconi, the father of radio-based wireless telegraphy, in 1901, with one of his first wireless transmitters (right) and receivers (left)

German troops erecting a wireless field telegraph station during World War I

German officers and troops manning a wireless field telegraph station during World War I

Mobile radio station in German South West Africa, using a hydrogen balloon to lift the antenna

Wireless telegraphy or radiotelegraphy is transmission of telegraph signals by radio waves.

Beginning about 1908, powerful transoceanic radiotelegraphy stations transmitted commercial telegram traffic between countries at rates up to 200 words per minute.

Alexander Bain (inventor)

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Scottish inventor and engineer who was first to invent and patent the electric clock.

Commemorative plaque at Bain's past Edinburgh workshop.

Electric clock, Alexander Bain, London, ca. 1845 (Deutsches Uhrenmuseum, Inv. 2004–162)

A commemorative plaque to Bain at his former workshop on Hanover Street in Edinburgh.

He also invented and patented the technology of the facsimile machine for scanning images and transmitting them across telegraph lines hundreds of miles away.

The most significant idea incorporated in the patent was his plan for inverting the needle telegraph earlier developed by Ampere, Wheatstone and others: instead of making signals by a pivoted magnetic needle under the influence of an electromagnet, he made them by suspending a movable coil between the poles of a fixed magnet.

Semaphore

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Use of an apparatus to create a visual signal transmitted over distance.

Semaphores can be used for telegraphy when arranged in visually connected networks, or for traffic signalling such as in railway systems, or traffic lights in cities.

In the early 1800s, the electrical telegraph was gradually invented allowing a message to be sent over a wire.