A report on Electrical telegraph

Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837
Morse Telegraph
Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske
Sömmering's electric telegraph in 1809
Revolving alphanumeric dial created by Francis Ronalds as part of his electric telegraph (1816)
Pavel Schilling, an early pioneer of electrical telegraphy
Diagram of alphabet used in a 5-needle Cooke and Wheatstone Telegraph, indicating the letter G
Morse key and sounder
GWR Cooke and Wheatstone double needle telegraph instrument
A magneto-powered Wheatstone A. B. C. telegraph with the horizontal "communicator" dial, the inclined "indicator" dial and crank handle for the magneto that generated the electrical signal.
Professor Morse sending the message – WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT on 24 May 1844
Foy–Breguet telegraph displaying the letter "Q"
Wheatstone automated telegraph network equipment
A Baudot keyboard, 1884
Phelps' Electro-motor Printing Telegraph from circa 1880, the last and most advanced telegraphy mechanism designed by George May Phelps
A Creed Model 7 teleprinter in 1930
Teletype Model 33 ASR (Automatic Send and Receive)
Major telegraph lines in 1891
The Eastern Telegraph Company network in 1901
German Lorenz SZ42 teleprinter attachment (left) and Lorenz military teleprinter (right) at The National Museum of Computing on Bletchley Park, England

Point-to-point text messaging system, used from the 1840s until the late 20th century when it was slowly replaced by other telecommunication systems.

- Electrical telegraph
Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837

56 related topics with Alpha

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Lightning and urban lighting are some of the most dramatic effects of electricity

Electricity

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Set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.

Set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.

Lightning and urban lighting are some of the most dramatic effects of electricity
Thales, the earliest known researcher into electricity
Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research on electricity in the 18th century, as documented by Joseph Priestley (1767) History and Present Status of Electricity, with whom Franklin carried on extended correspondence.
Michael Faraday's discoveries formed the foundation of electric motor technology
Charge on a gold-leaf electroscope causes the leaves to visibly repel each other
An electric arc provides an energetic demonstration of electric current
Field lines emanating from a positive charge above a plane conductor
A pair of AA cells. The + sign indicates the polarity of the potential difference between the battery terminals.
Magnetic field circles around a current
The electric motor exploits an important effect of electromagnetism: a current through a magnetic field experiences a force at right angles to both the field and current
Italian physicist Alessandro Volta showing his "battery" to French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte in the early 19th century.
A basic electric circuit. The voltage source V on the left drives a current I around the circuit, delivering electrical energy into the resistor R. From the resistor, the current returns to the source, completing the circuit.
Surface mount electronic components
Early 20th-century alternator made in Budapest, Hungary, in the power generating hall of a hydroelectric station (photograph by Prokudin-Gorsky, 1905–1915).
Wind power is of increasing importance in many countries
The light bulb, an early application of electricity, operates by Joule heating: the passage of current through resistance generating heat
The electric eel, Electrophorus electricus

Electricity is used within telecommunications, and indeed the electrical telegraph, demonstrated commercially in 1837 by Cooke and Wheatstone, was one of its earliest applications.

Engraving of André-Marie Ampère

André-Marie Ampère

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French physicist, mathematician and lay catholic who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics".

French physicist, mathematician and lay catholic who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics".

Engraving of André-Marie Ampère
Essai sur la philosophie des sciences

He is also the inventor of numerous applications, such as the solenoid (a term coined by him) and the electrical telegraph.

Joseph Henry

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American scientist who served as the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

American scientist who served as the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

Signature
Historical marker in Academy Park (Albany) commemorating Henry's work with electricity.
Henry, taken between 1865 and 1878, possibly by Mathew Brady.
Henry's grave, Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
Statue of Henry in front of the Smithsonian Institution
A bronze statue of Henry stands on the rotunda of the U.S. Library of Congress.

His work on the electromagnetic relay was the basis of the practical electrical telegraph, invented by Samuel F. B. Morse and Sir Charles Wheatstone, separately.

Electrical engineering

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Engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

Engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

The discoveries of Michael Faraday formed the foundation of electric motor technology.
Guglielmo Marconi, known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission
A replica of the first working transistor, a point-contact transistor
Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), the basic building block of modern electronics
The top of a power pole
Satellite dishes are a crucial component in the analysis of satellite information.
Control systems play a critical role in spaceflight.
Electronic components
Microprocessor
A Bayer filter on a CCD requires signal processing to get a red, green, and blue value at each pixel.
Flight instruments provide pilots with the tools to control aircraft analytically.
Supercomputers are used in fields as diverse as computational biology and geographic information systems.
The Bird VIP Infant ventilator
Oscilloscope
An example circuit diagram, which is useful in circuit design and troubleshooting.
Belgian electrical engineers inspecting the rotor of a 40,000 kilowatt turbine of the General Electric Company in New York City
The IEEE corporate office is on the 17th floor of 3 Park Avenue in New York City
Satellite communications is typical of what electrical engineers work on.
The Shadow robot hand system
A laser bouncing down an acrylic rod, illustrating the total internal reflection of light in a multi-mode optical fiber.
Radome at the Misawa Air Base Misawa Security Operations Center, Misawa, Japan

It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electrical power generation, distribution, and use.

A straight key style of telegraph key – model J-38, a key used by U.S. military during World War II, and frequently re-used by radio amateurs

Telegraph key

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Specialized electrical switch used by a trained operator to transmit text messages in Morse code in a telegraphy system.

Specialized electrical switch used by a trained operator to transmit text messages in Morse code in a telegraphy system.

A straight key style of telegraph key – model J-38, a key used by U.S. military during World War II, and frequently re-used by radio amateurs
a Wright Brothers telegraph key (missing its knob)
A Morse Key from G. Hasler, Bern (1900)
Early "bug" telegraph key invented in 1913 by Weston Hadden
Electronic dual paddle keyer (homemade in 1972)

Keys are used in all forms of electrical telegraph systems, including landline (also called wire) telegraphy and "wireless" and radio (also called wireless) telegraphy.

A US Navy crewman signals the letter 'U' using flag semaphore during an underway replenishment exercise (2005)

Flag semaphore

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Semaphore system conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags, rods, disks, paddles, or occasionally bare or gloved hands.

Semaphore system conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags, rods, disks, paddles, or occasionally bare or gloved hands.

A US Navy crewman signals the letter 'U' using flag semaphore during an underway replenishment exercise (2005)
The combination used for オ ("O")
A or 1
B or 2
C or 3 Acknowledge / Correct
D or 4
E or 5 Error (if signaled 8 times)
F or 6
G or 7
H or 8
I or 9
J Letters to follow
K or 10
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Rest / Space
Numerals (#)
Error / Attention
Cancel / Annul

Although based on the optical telegraph, by the time flag semaphore was introduced the optical telegraph had been entirely replaced by the electrical telegraph some years previously.

Telegraph Sounder

Telegraph sounder

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Telegraph Sounder

A telegraph sounder is an antique electromechanical device used as a receiver on electrical telegraph lines during the 19th century.

Hans Christian Ørsted

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Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism.

Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism.

The young H. C. Ørsted
Gravestone
Portrait of Hans Christian Ørsted by Christian Albrecht Jensen (1842)
Statue of Ørsted in Ørstedsparken, in Copenhagen.
Der Geist in der Natur, 1854

The Ørsted effect brought about a communications revolution due to its application to the electric telegraph.

January 22, 1848 map in New York Herald showing extent of existing and planned North American telegraph lines. At this time, the service area for the United States reached Petersburg, Virginia in the south, Portland, Maine in the northeast, Cleveland, Ohio in the northwest, and as far west as East St. Louis, Illinois. In Canada, lines reached from Hamilton, Ontario to Quebec City, and linked to the United States via Buffalo, New York.

Timeline of North American telegraphy

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January 22, 1848 map in New York Herald showing extent of existing and planned North American telegraph lines. At this time, the service area for the United States reached Petersburg, Virginia in the south, Portland, Maine in the northeast, Cleveland, Ohio in the northwest, and as far west as East St. Louis, Illinois. In Canada, lines reached from Hamilton, Ontario to Quebec City, and linked to the United States via Buffalo, New York.
The Speedwell Ironworks, site of Morse's 1838 telegraph demonstration.
Samuel Morse in 1845.
The first telegraph office
November 14, 1845 report in New York Herald on telegraph lines coming into operation.
Map shows extent of operational lines by the end of 1846. At the start of the year, there were only four short lines in operation: the original Baltimore-D.C. line, the Buffalo-Lockport line, a short stretch in Philadelphia, and the New York-Coney Island line. By year's end, lines ran from Washington to Boston, west to Pittsburgh, and north from New York City to Albany and west to Buffalo. Rapid expansion was continuing.
Depiction of the construction of the first Transcontinental Telegraph, with a Pony Express rider passing below.

The timeline of North American telegraphy is a chronology of notable events in the history of electric telegraphy in the United States and Canada, including the rapid spread of telegraphic communications starting from 1844 and completion of the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861.

Part of a document showing the company seal

Electric Telegraph Company

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British telegraph company founded in 1846 by William Fothergill Cooke and John Ricardo.

British telegraph company founded in 1846 by William Fothergill Cooke and John Ricardo.

Part of a document showing the company seal
1854 stamps of the Electric Telegraph Company
An Electric & International Telegraph Company telegram and envelope, 28 July 1868
Monarch

The equipment used was the Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph, an electrical telegraph developed a few years earlier in collaboration with Charles Wheatstone.