A report on Emotion

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Examples of basic emotions
The emotion wheel.
Two dimensions of emotions. Made accessible for practical use.
Two dimensions of emotion
Illustration from Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)
Simplified graph of James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Timeline of some of the most prominent brain models of emotion in affective neuroscience.

Emotions are mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioural responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure.

- Emotion
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A smiling 95-year-old man from Pichilemu, Chile

Happiness

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A smiling 95-year-old man from Pichilemu, Chile
Happy children playing in water
A butcher happily slicing meat
Tibetan Buddhist monk
Woman kissing a baby on the cheek
Smiling woman from Vietnam
Newly commissioned officers celebrate their new positions by throwing their midshipmen covers into the air as part of the U.S. Naval Academy class of 2011 graduation and commissioning ceremony.

Happiness, in the context of mental or emotional states, is positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.

Oscar Gustave Rejlander portraying disgust in plates from Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

Disgust

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Oscar Gustave Rejlander portraying disgust in plates from Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
The insula of the left side, exposed by removing the opercula. From Henry Gray, Warren Harmon Lewis (1918). Anatomy of the Human Body. Fig. 731

Disgust (Middle French: desgouster, from Latin gustus, "taste") is an emotional response of rejection or revulsion to something potentially contagious or something considered offensive, distasteful, or unpleasant.

James–Lange theory

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The James–Lange theory is a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions and is one of the earliest theories of emotion within modern psychology.

Pleasure

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Pleasure refers to experience that feels good, that involves the enjoyment of something.

Pleasure refers to experience that feels good, that involves the enjoyment of something.

As such, pleasure is an affect and not an emotion, as it forms one component of several different emotions.

The Anger of Achilles, by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo depicts the Greek hero attacking Agamemnon.

Anger

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The Anger of Achilles, by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo depicts the Greek hero attacking Agamemnon.
An angry exchange between two people, as evidenced by their body language and facial expressions. To hear the angry exchange, listen to the audio below.
The Fury of Athamas by John Flaxman (1755–1826).
The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, by Hieronymus Bosch (1485). "Wrath" is depicted at the bottom in a series of circular images. Below the image is the Latin inscription Cave Cave Deus Videt ("Beware, Beware, God is Watching").
Angel with Temperance and Humility virtues versus Devil with Rage and Wrath sins. A fresco from the 1717 Saint Nicolas Orthodox church in Cukovets, Pernik Province, Bulgaria
Saul attacks David (who had been playing music to help Saul feel better), 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld, a Lutheran
The Great Day of His Wrath, by John Martin (1789–1854).
Facial expression of a person having emotions of Anger.

Anger, also known as wrath or rage, is an intense emotional state involving a strong uncomfortable and non-cooperative response to a perceived provocation, hurt or threat.

A large iron rod was driven through Gage's head, resulting in a personality change.

Personality psychology

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Branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals.

Branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals.

A large iron rod was driven through Gage's head, resulting in a personality change.
False-color representtations of cerebral fiber pathways affected in Phineas Gage's accident, per Van Horn etal.

"Personality" is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by an individual that uniquely influences their environment, cognition, emotions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations.

Cross section of the human brain showing parts of the limbic system from below. Traité d'Anatomie et de Physiologie (1786)

Limbic system

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Set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately beneath the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum primarily in the forebrain.

Set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately beneath the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum primarily in the forebrain.

Cross section of the human brain showing parts of the limbic system from below. Traité d'Anatomie et de Physiologie (1786)
Anatomical components of the limbic system
Location and basic anatomy of the hippocampus, as a coronal section

It supports a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction.

Feeling

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Examples of six basic emotions
Sensitive, sculpture by M. Blay (c. 1910)

In normal language usage, the noun "feeling" is often used as being the same as emotion.

Temperament

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In psychology, temperament broadly refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.

In psychology, temperament broadly refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.

The specific behaviors are: activity level, regularity of sleeping and eating patterns, initial reaction, adaptability, intensity of emotion, mood, distractibility, persistence and attention span, and sensory sensitivity.

Valence (psychology)

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Affective quality referring to the intrinsic attractiveness/"good"-ness or averseness/"bad"-ness (negative valence) of an event, object, or situation.

Affective quality referring to the intrinsic attractiveness/"good"-ness or averseness/"bad"-ness (negative valence) of an event, object, or situation.

The term also characterizes and categorizes specific emotions.