Empirical research
empiricalempirical studiesempirical methodempirical evidenceempirical observationempiricallyempirical methodsempirical investigationempirical testphenomenology
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.wikipedia
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Quantitative research
quantitativequantitative methodsquantitative data
Empirical evidence (the record of one's direct observations or experiences) can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively. Quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, a researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the evidence collected (usually called data).
In natural and social sciences, and sometimes in other fields, quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.
Research
researcherresearchersoriginal research
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.
The researcher(s) then analyzes and interprets the data via a variety of statistical methods, engaging in what is known as empirical research.









Experiment
experimentalexperimentationexperiments
These predictions can then be tested with a suitable experiment.
In the scientific method, an experiment is an empirical procedure that arbitrates competing models or hypotheses.



Empirical evidence
empiricala posterioriempirical data
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence. The term empirical was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience. In practice, the accumulation of evidence for or against any particular theory involves planned research designs for the collection of empirical data, and academic rigor plays a large part of judging the merits of research design.

Observation
observerobservationsobserved
It is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience.

Experience
experiencesexperiencedexperiential
It is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience.
Empiricism
empiricistempiricalempirically
Empiricism values such research more than other kinds. Later empiricism referred to a theory of knowledge in philosophy which adheres to the principle that knowledge arises from experience and evidence gathered specifically using the senses.








Qualitative research
qualitativequalitative methodsqualitative data analysis
Empirical evidence (the record of one's direct observations or experiences) can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively. Quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, a researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the evidence collected (usually called data).
Data
statistical datascientific datadatum
Empirical evidence (the record of one's direct observations or experiences) can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively. Quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, a researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the evidence collected (usually called data).
Theory
theoreticaltheoriestheorist
Usually, a researcher has a certain theory regarding the topic under investigation.
Ancient Greek
GreekClassical GreekGr.
The term empirical was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience.



Dogma
dogmaticsdogmatismdogmatic
The term empirical was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience.
Phenomenon
phenomenaphenomenalphysical phenomena
The term empirical was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience.



Knowledge
knowhuman knowledgesituated knowledge
Later empiricism referred to a theory of knowledge in philosophy which adheres to the principle that knowledge arises from experience and evidence gathered specifically using the senses.




Sense
sensesfive sensessensory
The researcher attempts to describe accurately the interaction between the instrument (or the human senses) and the entity being observed.







Research design
designhowResearch designs
In practice, the accumulation of evidence for or against any particular theory involves planned research designs for the collection of empirical data, and academic rigor plays a large part of judging the merits of research design.
History of science in classical antiquity
ancient sciencescienceGreek
They are responsible for popularizing the widely cited distinction among pre-experimental, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs and are staunch advocates of the central role of randomized experiments in educational research.



Quasi-experiment
quasi-experimentalQuasi-experimental designquasi-experiments
They are responsible for popularizing the widely cited distinction among pre-experimental, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs and are staunch advocates of the central role of randomized experiments in educational research.
Educational research
education researcheducational researcherSciences of Education
They are responsible for popularizing the widely cited distinction among pre-experimental, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs and are staunch advocates of the central role of randomized experiments in educational research.
Scientific method
scientific researchscientificmethod
Accurate analysis of data using standardized statistical methods in scientific studies is critical to determining the validity of empirical research.



Statistics
statisticalstatistical analysisstatistician
Statistical formulas such as regression, uncertainty coefficient, t-test, chi square, and various types of ANOVA (analyses of variance) are fundamental to forming logical, valid conclusions.





Uncertainty coefficient
proficiencyProficiency (metric)Theil's U
Statistical formulas such as regression, uncertainty coefficient, t-test, chi square, and various types of ANOVA (analyses of variance) are fundamental to forming logical, valid conclusions.
Chi-squared test
chi-square testchi-squared statisticChi-squared
Statistical formulas such as regression, uncertainty coefficient, t-test, chi square, and various types of ANOVA (analyses of variance) are fundamental to forming logical, valid conclusions.
Analysis of variance
ANOVAanalysis of variance (ANOVA)corrected the means
Statistical formulas such as regression, uncertainty coefficient, t-test, chi square, and various types of ANOVA (analyses of variance) are fundamental to forming logical, valid conclusions.



Hypothesis
hypotheseshypotheticalhypothesized
Based on this theory, statements or hypotheses will be proposed (e.g., "Listening to vocal voice has a negative effect on learning a word list.").
