Encyclopedia and Internet

The volumes of the 15th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica (and the volume for the year 2002) span two bookshelves in a library.
The Internet Messenger by Buky Schwartz, located in Holon, Israel
Title page of Lucubrationes, 1541 edition, one of the first books to use a variant of the word encyclopedia in the title
T3 NSFNET Backbone, c. 1992.
Naturalis Historiæ, 1669 edition, title page
ICANN headquarters in the Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States.
Isidore of Seville author of Etymologiae (10th. century Ottonian manuscript)
2007 map showing submarine fiberoptic telecommunication cables around the world.
The Yongle Encyclopedia
Packet routing across the Internet involves several tiers of Internet service providers.
Number of mobile cellular subscriptions 2012–2016
As user data is processed through the protocol stack, each abstraction layer adds encapsulation information at the sending host. Data is transmitted over the wire at the link level between hosts and routers. Encapsulation is removed by the receiving host. Intermediate relays update link encapsulation at each hop, and inspect the IP layer for routing purposes.
Conceptual data flow in a simple network topology of two hosts (A and B) connected by a link between their respective routers. The application on each host executes read and write operations as if the processes were directly connected to each other by some kind of data pipe. After the establishment of this pipe, most details of the communication are hidden from each process, as the underlying principles of communication are implemented in the lower protocol layers. In analogy, at the transport layer the communication appears as host-to-host, without knowledge of the application data structures and the connecting routers, while at the internetworking layer, individual network boundaries are traversed at each router.
A DNS resolver consults three name servers to resolve the domain name user-visible "www.wikipedia.org" to determine the IPV4 Address 207.142.131.234
Creating a subnet by dividing the host identifier
This NeXT Computer was used by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN and became the world's first Web server.
Share of population using the Internet. See or edit source data.
Internet users per 100 population members and GDP per capita for selected countries.
Internet users per 100 inhabitants Source: International Telecommunication Union.
Internet users in 2015 as a percentage of a country's population Source: International Telecommunication Union.
'''Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a percentage of a country's population''' Source: International Telecommunication Union.
'''Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a percentage of a country's population''' Source: International Telecommunication Union.
Banner in Bangkok during the 2014 Thai coup d'état, informing the Thai public that 'like' or 'share' activities on social media could result in imprisonment (observed 30 June 2014).
Internet users by language<ref name=NIUBL-IWS>{{cite web|url=http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm|title=Number of Internet Users by Language|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426122721/http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm|archive-date=26 April 2012|website=Internet World Stats, Miniwatts Marketing Group|date=31 May 2011|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref>
Website content languages<ref name=UofCLBWApril2013>{{cite web|title=Usage of content languages for websites|url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language/all|work=W3Techs.com|access-date=26 April 2013|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66ZQzUXh6?url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language/all|archive-date=31 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

Reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline.

- Encyclopedia

Global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.

- Internet

500 related topics

Relevance

HTML

Standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.

Tim Berners-Lee in April 2009
Logo of HTML5

In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system.

In his personal notes from 1990 he listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and put an encyclopedia first.

Collaboration

Process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together to complete a task or achieve a goal.

Catalan castellers collaborate, working together with a shared goal.
Organization and cooperation between community members provides economic and social benefits.
The 2,751 Liberty ships built in four years by the United States during World War II required new approaches in organization and manufacturing.
The Evergreen signature clock tower
Trilateral agreement between ESO, the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Natural Sciences for the operation of ALMA

Websites and software facilitate musical collaboration over the Internet, resulting in the emergence of online bands.

Examples of products created by means of commons-based peer production include Linux, a computer operating system; Slashdot, a news and announcements website; Kuro5hin, a discussion site for technology and culture; Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia; and Clickworkers, a collaborative scientific work.

Hyperlink

Reference to data that the user can follow by clicking or tapping.

An example of a hyperlink as commonly seen in a web browser, with a mouse pointer hovering above it
Several documents being connected by hyperlinks
How internal MediaWiki links work when one wants to create a link that displays words different from the linked page's title.
Douglas Engelbart and his team at SRI, 1969

Tim Berners-Lee saw the possibility of using hyperlinks to link any information to any other information over the Internet.

Usenet

Worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers.

A diagram of Usenet servers and clients. The blue, green, and red dots on the servers represent the groups they carry. Arrows between servers indicate newsgroup group exchanges (feeds). Arrows between clients and servers indicate that a user is subscribed to a certain group and reads or submits articles.
Usenet Provider Map
The "Big Nine" hierarchies of Usenet
A visual example of the many complex steps required to prepare data to be uploaded to Usenet newsgroups. These steps must be done again in reverse to download data from Usenet.
October 2020 screenshot showing 60 PB of usenet group data.

In the early 1990s, shortly before access to the Internet became commonly affordable, Usenet connections via Fidonet's dial-up BBS networks made long-distance or worldwide discussions and other communication widespread, not needing a server, just (local) telephone service.

Personal computer

Multi-purpose microcomputer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.

An artist's depiction of a 2000s-era desktop-style personal computer, which includes a metal case with the computing components, a display monitor and a keyboard (mouse not shown)
Commodore PET in 1983 (at the American Museum of Science and Energy), an early example of a personal computer
The 8-bit architecture Pravetz 82 computer produced in Bulgaria from 1982, in school class in the Soviet Union
Altair 8800 computer
The three personal computers referred to by Byte Magazine as the "1977 Trinity" of home computing: The Commodore PET, the Apple II, and the TRS-80 Model I.
IBM 5150, released in 1981
The 8-bit PMD 85 personal computer produced in 1985–1990 by the Tesla company in the former socialist Czechoslovakia
Sun SPARCstation 1+ from the early 1990s, with a 25 MHz RISC processor
A Dell OptiPlex desktop computer
A portable computer Cambridge Z88 released in 1987
A laptop computer
An HP netbook
HP Compaq tablet PC with rotating/removable keyboard
The LG G4, a typical smartphone
A screenshot of the LibreOffice Writer software
A screenshot of Krita, which is a raster graphics editor.
Children being taught how to use a laptop computer in 2005. An older (1990s-era) desktop personal computer's CRT monitor is visible in the background.
Personal computers worldwide in million distinguished by developed and developing world

Commercial Internet service providers emerged in the late 1980s, giving public access to the rapidly growing network.

Video clip

Video clips are short videos, usually part of a longer recording.

A detailed icon for video e.g. to link to video content on a website

With the spread of global high-speed internet, video clips have become very popular online.

Digital music store

For a store that sells musical instruments and related equipment online, see Music store: Online stores

Sales from the online iTunes music store, operated by Apple Inc.

A digital music store is a business that sells digital audio files of music recordings over the Internet.

Streaming television

Hard drives store information in binary form and so are considered a type of physical digital media.

Streaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as TV shows, as streaming media delivered over the Internet.

Internet protocol suite

Diagram of the first internetworked connection
An SRI International Packet Radio Van, used for the first three-way internetworked transmission.
Conceptual data flow in a simple network topology of two hosts (A and B) connected by a link between their respective routers. The application on each host executes read and write operations as if the processes were directly connected to each other by some kind of data pipe. After establishment of this pipe, most details of the communication are hidden from each process, as the underlying principles of communication are implemented in the lower protocol layers. In analogy, at the transport layer the communication appears as host-to-host, without knowledge of the application data structures and the connecting routers, while at the internetworking layer, individual network boundaries are traversed at each router.
Encapsulation of application data descending through the layers described in RFC 1122

The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is the set of communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks.

Online shopping

Michael Aldrich, pioneer of online shopping in the 1980s.
Foodora's home delivery by bicycle in Tampere, Finland
An automated online assistant, with potential to enhance user interface on shopping sites.

Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser or a mobile app.