A report on Endometrial cancer

The location and development of endometrial cancer.
The location and development of endometrial cancer.
The autosomal dominant inheritance pattern seen in Lynch syndrome
Immunohistochemistry of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma with wild-type pattern of p53 expression, with variable proportion of tumor cell nuclei staining with variable intensity.
Vaginal ultrasonography with an endometrial fluid accumulation (darker area) in a postmenopausal uterus, a finding that is highly suspicious for endometrial cancer
Polypoidal endometrial carcinoma
Relative incidences of endometrial carcinomas by histopathology.
Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma—very high magnification—H&E stain
A keyhole hysterectomy, one possible surgery to treat endometrial cancer
alt=A diagram of stage IA and IB endometrial cancer|Stage IA and IB endometrial cancer
alt=A diagram of stage II endometrial cancer|Stage II endometrial cancer
alt=A diagram of stage III endometrial cancer|Stage III endometrial cancer
alt=A diagram of stage IV endometrial cancer|Stage IV endometrial cancer

Cancer that arises from the endometrium .

- Endometrial cancer
The location and development of endometrial cancer.

41 related topics with Alpha

Overall
Micrograph of a mucinous ovarian carcinoma stained by H&E.

Ovarian cancer

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Cancer that forms in or on an ovary.

Cancer that forms in or on an ovary.

Micrograph of a mucinous ovarian carcinoma stained by H&E.
Site of ovarian cancer
Women with ovarian or breast cancer in a pedigree chart of a family
A very large ovarian cancer as seen on CT
Micrograph of serous carcinoma, a type of ovarian cancer, diagnosed in peritoneal fluid
Ovarian cancers in women aged 20+, with area representing relative incidence and color representing five-year relative survival rate
A pathological specimen of ovarian carcinoma
Hobnail cells seen in a clear cell carcinoma sample
Ovarian adenocarcinoma deposit in the mesentery of the small bowel
Relative five-year survival of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer by stage
Ovarian tumors (including non-cancerous tumors) by incidence and risk of ovarian cancer.
Ovarian cancer cases diagnosed by age group in the US
Stage 1 ovarian cancer
Stage 2 ovarian cancer
Stage 3 ovarian cancer
Stage 4 ovarian cancer
Age-standardized death from ovarian cancer per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 no data less than 0.6 0.6–1.2 1.2–1.8 1.8–2.4 2.4–3 3–3.6 3.6–4.2 4.2–4.8 4.8–5.4 5.4–6 6–7 more than 7

A strong family history of endometrial cancer, colon cancer, or other gastrointestinal cancers may indicate the presence of a syndrome known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (also known as Lynch syndrome), which confers a higher risk for developing a number of cancers, including ovarian cancer.

An illustration of breast cancer

Breast cancer

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Cancer that develops from breast tissue.

Cancer that develops from breast tissue.

An illustration of breast cancer
Breast cancer showing an inverted nipple, lump, and skin dimpling
Early signs of possible breast cancer
Tumor in the breast visualized by Breast-Computertomography (Breast-CT)
All types of alcoholic beverages, including beer, wine, or liquor, cause breast cancer.
Ducts and lobules, the main locations of breast cancers
Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in programmed cell death. Mutations leading to loss of this ability can lead to cancer formation.
Histopathologic types of breast cancer, with relative incidences and prognoses
A mobile breast cancer screening unit in New Zealand
Chest after right breast mastectomy
Internal radiotherapy for breast cancer
Breasts after double mastectomy followed by nipple-sparing reconstruction with implants
An extreme example of an advanced recurrent breast cancer with an ulcerating axillary mass
Breast cancer surgery in 18th century
Radical mastectomy, Halsted's surgical papers
The pink ribbon is a symbol to show support for breast cancer awareness.
MRI showing breast cancer
Excised human breast tissue, showing an irregular, dense, white stellate area of cancer 2cm in diameter, within yellow fatty tissue
High-grade invasive ductal carcinoma, with minimal tubule formation, marked pleomorphism, and prominent mitoses, 40x field
Micrograph showing a lymph node invaded by ductal breast carcinoma, with an extension of the tumor beyond the lymph node
Neuropilin-2 expression in normal breast and breast carcinoma tissue
F-18 FDG PET/CT: A breast cancer metastasis to the right scapula
Needle breast biopsy
Elastography shows stiff cancer tissue on ultrasound imaging.
Ultrasound image shows irregularly shaped mass of breast cancer.
Infiltrating (invasive) breast carcinoma
Mammograms showing a normal breast (left) and a breast with cancer (right)
Stage T1 breast cancer
Stage T2 breast cancer
Stage T3 breast cancer
Metastatic or stage 4 breast cancer
Stage 1A breast cancer
Stage 1B breast cancer
Stage 2A breast cancer
Stage 2A breast cancer
Stage 2B breast cancer
Stage 2B breast cancer
Stage 2B breast cancer
Stage 3A breast cancer
Stage 3A breast cancer
Stage 3A breast cancer
Stage 3B breast cancer
Stage 3B breast cancer
Stage 4 breast cancer

The selective estrogen receptor modulators reduce the risk of breast cancer but increase the risk of thromboembolism and endometrial cancer.

Nolvadex (tamoxifen) 20 mg tablets.

Tamoxifen

7 links

Selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.

Selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.

Nolvadex (tamoxifen) 20 mg tablets.
Crystallographic structure of afimoxifene (carbon = white, oxygen = red, nitrogen = blue) complexed with ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) (cyan ribbon).

Tamoxifen increases the risk of postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer; using tamoxifen with an intrauterine system releasing levonorgestrel might increase vaginal bleeding after 1 to 2 years, but reduces somewhat endometrial polyps and hyperplasia, but not necessarily endometrial cancer.

Progesterone (Prometrium, Utrogestan), the natural progestogen in the body and one of the most widely used progestogen medications.

Progestogen (medication)

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Type of medication which produces effects similar to those of the natural female sex hormone progesterone in the body.

Type of medication which produces effects similar to those of the natural female sex hormone progesterone in the body.

Progesterone (Prometrium, Utrogestan), the natural progestogen in the body and one of the most widely used progestogen medications.

They are used mainly to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and increased risk of endometrial cancer from unopposed estrogen therapy.

Symptoms of menopause

Hormone replacement therapy

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Form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause.

Form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause.

Symptoms of menopause
The risks of coronary heart disease with HRT vary depending on age and time since menopause.
Clot in the greater saphenous vein; oral estrogen is associated with increased risk of venous blood clots due to increased liver formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
Endometrial cancer can be associated with HRT, particularly in those not taking a progestogen.
Atrophy of vaginal mucosa that occurs with menopause.
An intrauterine device can be used to receive HRT.

This is because unopposed estrogen therapy promotes endometrial thickening and can increase the risk of cancer, while progestogen reduces this risk.

Image showing different structures around and relating to the human uterus

Uterus

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Main hormone-responsive, secondary sex organ of the female reproductive system in humans, and most other mammals.

Main hormone-responsive, secondary sex organ of the female reproductive system in humans, and most other mammals.

Image showing different structures around and relating to the human uterus
Different regions of Uterus displayed & labelled using a 3D medical animation still shot
Diagram showing regions of the uterus
Uterus covered by the broad ligament
Schematic diagram of uterine arterial vasculature seen as a cross-section through the myometrium and endometrium
Vessels of the uterus and its appendages, rear view
Transvaginal ultrasonography showing a uterine fluid accumulation in a postmenopausal woman.
Vertical section of mucous membrane of human uterus
Schematic frontal view of female anatomy
Sectional plan of the gravid uterus in the third and fourth month
Fetus in utero, between fifth and sixth months.
Female pelvis and its contents, seen from above and in front
The arteries of the internal organs of generation of the female, seen from behind
Median sagittal section of female pelvis
(Description located on [[:File:Illu female pelvis.jpg|image page]])
Uterus

Carcinoma of the uterus – malignant neoplasm

Diagram of uterus with labeled origins of cancer types.

Uterine cancer

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Uterine cancer, also known as womb cancer, includes two types of cancer that develop from the tissues of the uterus.

Uterine cancer, also known as womb cancer, includes two types of cancer that develop from the tissues of the uterus.

Diagram of uterus with labeled origins of cancer types.
Age-standardized death from cancer of the uterine body per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004. no data less than 0.5 0.5–1 1–1.5 1.5–2 2–2.5 2.5–3 3–3.5 3.5–4 4–4.5 4.5–5 5–8 more than 8

Endometrial cancer forms from the lining of the uterus, and uterine sarcoma forms from the muscles or support tissue of the uterus.

Symptoms of menopause

Menopause

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Time in women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.

Time in women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.

Symptoms of menopause
Size of the vaginal canal before and after menopause, demonstrating vaginal atrophy.
Bone loss due to menopause occurs due to changes in a woman's hormone levels.

A period-like flow during postmenopause, even spotting, maybe a sign of endometrial cancer.

A coronal CT scan showing a malignant mesothelioma Legend: → tumor ←, ✱ central pleural effusion, 1 & 3 lungs, 2 spine, 4 ribs, 5 aorta, 6 spleen, 7 & 8 kidneys, 9 liver

Cancer

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Group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

Group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

A coronal CT scan showing a malignant mesothelioma Legend: → tumor ←, ✱ central pleural effusion, 1 & 3 lungs, 2 spine, 4 ribs, 5 aorta, 6 spleen, 7 & 8 kidneys, 9 liver
Symptoms of cancer metastasis depend on the location of the tumor.
The GHS Hazard pictogram for carcinogenic substances
Share of cancer deaths attributed to tobacco in 2016.
The incidence of lung cancer is highly correlated with smoking.
Cancers are caused by a series of mutations. Each mutation alters the behavior of the cell somewhat.
The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis
Chest X-ray showing lung cancer in the left lung
Three measures of global cancer mortality from 1990 to 2017
Engraving with two views of a Dutch woman who had a tumor removed from her neck in 1689
University of Florida Cancer Hospital
CancerTreeMammal
An invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (pale area at the center) surrounded by spikes of whitish scar tissue and yellow fatty tissue
An invasive colorectal carcinoma (top center) in a colectomy specimen
A squamous-cell carcinoma (the whitish tumor) near the bronchi in a lung specimen
A large invasive ductal carcinoma in a mastectomy specimen

But a minority of cancer types rely on oxidative phosphorylation as the primary energy source, including lymphoma, leukemia, and endometrial cancer.

Uterus and uterine tubes. (Endometrium labeled at center right.)

Endometrium

6 links

Inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.

Inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.

Uterus and uterine tubes. (Endometrium labeled at center right.)
Histology of the most superficial layer of the endometrium, consisting of a simple columnar epithelium. H&E stain
High magnification micrograph of decidualized endometrium due to exogenous progesterone (oral contraceptive pill). H&E stain
Low magnification micrograph of decidualized endometrium. H&E stain
Histopathologic and cytopathologic images. (A) proliferative endometrium (Left: HE × 400) and proliferative endometrial cells (Right: HE × 100) (B) secretory endometrium (Left: HE × 10) and secretory endometrial cells (Right: HE × 10) (C) atrophic endometrium (Left: HE × 10) and atrophic endometrial cells (Right: HE × 10) (D) mixed endometrium (Left: HE × 10) and mixed endometrial cells (Right: HE × 10) (E): endometrial atypical hyperplasia (Left: HE × 10) and endometrial atypical cells (Right: HE × 200) (F) endometrial carcinoma (Left: HE × 400) and endometrial cancer cells (Right: HE × 400).
Triple-line endometrium measuring 7mm.
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma from biopsy. H&E stain.
Micrograph of decidualized endometrium due to exogenous progesterone. H&E stain.
Micrograph of decidualized endometrium due to exogenous progesterone. H&E stain.
Micrograph showing endometrial stromal condensation, a finding seen in menses.

Historically, this change was diagnosed as endometrial cancer and it is important only in so far as it should not be misdiagnosed as cancer.