A report on Estrogen receptor and Endometrial cancer

A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERβ (PDB rendering based on ).

The location and development of endometrial cancer.

The domain structures of ERα and ERβ, including some of the known phosphorylation sites involved in ligand-independent regulation.

A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERα (PDB rendering based on ).

The autosomal dominant inheritance pattern seen in Lynch syndrome

Immunohistochemistry of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma with wild-type pattern of p53 expression, with variable proportion of tumor cell nuclei staining with variable intensity.

Vaginal ultrasonography with an endometrial fluid accumulation (darker area) in a postmenopausal uterus, a finding that is highly suspicious for endometrial cancer

Relative incidences of endometrial carcinomas by histopathology.

Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma—very high magnification—H&E stain

A keyhole hysterectomy, one possible surgery to treat endometrial cancer

alt=A diagram of stage IA and IB endometrial cancer|Stage IA and IB endometrial cancer

alt=A diagram of stage II endometrial cancer|Stage II endometrial cancer

alt=A diagram of stage III endometrial cancer|Stage III endometrial cancer

alt=A diagram of stage IV endometrial cancer|Stage IV endometrial cancer

Estrogen and the ERs have also been implicated in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and endometrial cancer.

- Estrogen receptor

This treatment is effective in endometrial stromal sarcomas because they typically have estrogen and/or progestin receptors.

- Endometrial cancer

4 related topics with Alpha

Breast cancer

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Cancer that develops from breast tissue.

Breast cancer showing an inverted nipple, lump, and skin dimpling

Tumor in the breast visualized by Breast-Computertomography (Breast-CT)

All types of alcoholic beverages, including beer, wine, or liquor, cause breast cancer.

Ducts and lobules, the main locations of breast cancers

Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in programmed cell death. Mutations leading to loss of this ability can lead to cancer formation.

Histopathologic types of breast cancer, with relative incidences and prognoses

A mobile breast cancer screening unit in New Zealand

Breasts after double mastectomy followed by nipple-sparing reconstruction with implants

An extreme example of an advanced recurrent breast cancer with an ulcerating axillary mass

Radical mastectomy, Halsted's surgical papers

The pink ribbon is a symbol to show support for breast cancer awareness.

Excised human breast tissue, showing an irregular, dense, white stellate area of cancer 2cm in diameter, within yellow fatty tissue

High-grade invasive ductal carcinoma, with minimal tubule formation, marked pleomorphism, and prominent mitoses, 40x field

Micrograph showing a lymph node invaded by ductal breast carcinoma, with an extension of the tumor beyond the lymph node

Neuropilin-2 expression in normal breast and breast carcinoma tissue

F-18 FDG PET/CT: A breast cancer metastasis to the right scapula

Elastography shows stiff cancer tissue on ultrasound imaging.

Ultrasound image shows irregularly shaped mass of breast cancer.

Infiltrating (invasive) breast carcinoma

Mammograms showing a normal breast (left) and a breast with cancer (right)

Additionally, G-protein coupled estrogen receptors have been associated with various cancers of the female reproductive system including breast cancer.

The selective estrogen receptor modulators reduce the risk of breast cancer but increase the risk of thromboembolism and endometrial cancer.

Tamoxifen

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Selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.

Crystallographic structure of afimoxifene (carbon = white, oxygen = red, nitrogen = blue) complexed with ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) (cyan ribbon).

Tamoxifen is used for the treatment of both early and advanced estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive or ER+) breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Tamoxifen increases the risk of postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer; using tamoxifen with an intrauterine system releasing levonorgestrel might increase vaginal bleeding after 1 to 2 years, but reduces somewhat endometrial polyps and hyperplasia, but not necessarily endometrial cancer.

Raloxifene

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Medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and those on glucocorticoids.

Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and therefore a mixed agonist–antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER).

Raloxifene does not cause breast tenderness, endometrial hyperplasia, menstrual bleeding, or endometrial cancer.

Micrograph of a mucinous ovarian carcinoma stained by H&E.

Ovarian cancer

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Cancer that forms in or on an ovary.

Women with ovarian or breast cancer in a pedigree chart of a family

A very large ovarian cancer as seen on CT

Micrograph of serous carcinoma, a type of ovarian cancer, diagnosed in peritoneal fluid

Ovarian cancers in women aged 20+, with area representing relative incidence and color representing five-year relative survival rate

A pathological specimen of ovarian carcinoma

Hobnail cells seen in a clear cell carcinoma sample

Ovarian adenocarcinoma deposit in the mesentery of the small bowel

Relative five-year survival of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer by stage

Ovarian tumors (including non-cancerous tumors) by incidence and risk of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer cases diagnosed by age group in the US

Age-standardized death from ovarian cancer per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004
no data
less than 0.6
0.6–1.2
1.2–1.8
1.8–2.4
2.4–3
3–3.6
3.6–4.2
4.2–4.8
4.8–5.4
5.4–6
6–7
more than 7

A strong family history of endometrial cancer, colon cancer, or other gastrointestinal cancers may indicate the presence of a syndrome known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (also known as Lynch syndrome), which confers a higher risk for developing a number of cancers, including ovarian cancer.

Despite the fact that 60% of ovarian tumors have estrogen receptors, ovarian cancer is only rarely responsive to hormonal treatments.