A report on Esophageal cancer and Esophageal achalasia

Endoscopic image of an esophageal adenocarcinoma

A chest X-ray showing achalasia ( arrows point to the outline of the massively dilated esophagus )

Esophageal cancer (lower part) as a result of Barrettʼs esophagus

Transhiatal oesophagectomy specimen from a patient suffering from late-stage achalasia. Diverticulum at the left lower end of the oesophagus.

Esophageal cancer as shown by a filling defect during an upper GI series

An axial CT image showing marked dilatation of the esophagus in a person with achalasia.

"Bird's beak" appearance and "megaesophagus", typical in achalasia.

Schematic of manometry in achalasia showing aperistaltic contractions, increased intraesophageal pressure, and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Image of a stomach which has undergone Fundoplomy

Typical scar lines after the two main methods of surgery

Death from esophageal cancer per million persons in 2012

Endoscopic image of Barrett esophagus – a frequent precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma

Endoscopy and radial endoscopic ultrasound images of a submucosal tumor in the central portion of the esophagus

Contrast CT scan showing an esophageal tumor (axial view)

Contrast CT scan showing an esophageal tumor (coronal view)

Micrograph showing histopathological appearance of an esophageal adenocarcinoma (dark blue – upper-left of image) and normal squamous epithelium (upper-right of image) at H&E staining

T1, T2, and T3 stages of esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer with spread to lymph nodes

Internal radiotherapy for esophageal cancer

Self-expandable metallic stents are sometimes used for palliative care

However, a small proportion occurs secondary to other conditions, such as esophageal cancer, Chagas disease (an infectious disease common in South America) or Triple-A syndrome.

- Esophageal achalasia

Achalasia (i.e. lack of the involuntary reflex in the esophagus after swallowing) appears to be a risk factor for both main types of esophageal cancer, at least in men, due to stagnation of trapped food and drink.

- Esophageal cancer

3 related topics with Alpha

Esophagus

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Organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

The esophagus is constricted in three places.

A mass seen during an endoscopy and an ultrasound of the mass conducted during the endoscopy session.

The esophagus may be affected by gastric reflux, cancer, prominent dilated blood vessels called varices that can bleed heavily, tears, constrictions, and disorders of motility.

Achalasia refers to a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax properly, and generally develops later in life.