A report on Estonia, Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic and Pärnu

Location of Estonia (red) within the Soviet Union

According to the 23 August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence" (German copy)

Memorial monument of Lydia Koidula (1843–1886), the national poet of Estonia, created by Amandus Adamson.

Iron Age artefacts of a hoard from Kumna

Independent counties of Ancient Estonia in the beginning of the 13th century

People massacred by Soviet NKVD on 8 July 1941 in Tartu, Estonia

thumb|Nikolai street with St. Elizabeth's Church

Medieval Estonia and Livonia after the crusade

Soviet-organized rally in Tallinn, July 1940

Kuressaare Castle in Saaremaa dates back to the 1380s

Karl Säre with other Estonian Communist Party officials in Tallinn, July 1940

"Academia Dorpatensis" (now University of Tartu) was founded in 1632 by King Gustavus as the second university in the kingdom of Sweden. After the king's death it became known as "Academia Gustaviana".

A propaganda poster from the Stalin era. The poster says: "The spirit of the great Lenin and his victorious banner encourage us now in the Patriotic War."

Carl Robert Jakobson played a key role in the Estonian national awakening.

Soviet prison doors on display in the Museum of Occupations, Tallinn, Estonia

Declaration of Independence in Pärnu on 23 February 1918. One of the first images of the Republic.

Estonian armoured train during the Estonian War of Independence

A reconstruction of a typical Soviet-era living room, in a museum in central Tallinn.

According to the 23 August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact "the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)" were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence" (German copy)

Tram along the Pärnu maantee street in Tallinn on June 26, 1983

The Red Army troops crossing Soviet-Estonian border in October 1939 after Estonia had been forced to sign the Bases Treaty

The blue-black-white flag of Estonia was raised on Pikk Hermann on February 24, 1989.

The capital Tallinn after bombing by the Soviet Air Force during the war on the Eastern Front in March 1944

Border changes of Estonia after World War II

Estonian Swedes fleeing the Soviet occupation to Sweden (1944)

Johannes Käbin, leader of the Communist Party of Estonia from 1950 to 1978

The blue-black-white flag of Estonia was raised again on the top of the Pikk Hermann tower on February 24, 1989.

1941 mugshot of kindral Johan Laidoner after his arrest 1940

Estonian Song Festival in Tallinn in 1980

The barn swallow (H. r. rustica) is the national bird of Estonia.

Plaque on Stenbock House, the seat of the Government of Estonia, commemorating government members killed by Soviet forces

Haanja Nature reserve where violations of Natura 2000 area logging is taking place.

The seat of the Parliament of Estonia in Toompea Castle

Building of the Supreme Court of Estonia in Tartu

US President Barack Obama giving a speech at the Nordea Concert Hall in Tallinn

Foreign ministers of the Nordic and Baltic countries in Riga, 2016

Estonian soldiers during a NATO exercise in 2015

KAPO (Kaitsepolitsei) headquarters in Kassisaba, Kesklinn, Tallinn

An Estonian Patria Pasi XA-180 in Afghanistan

A proportional representation of Estonia exports, 2019

The central business district of Tallinn

Real GPD per capita development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

Estonia's GDP growth from 2000 till 2012

The oil shale industry in Estonia is one of the most developed in the world. In 2012, oil shale supplied 70% of Estonia's total primary energy and accounted for 4% of Estonia's gross domestic product.

Graphical depiction of Estonia's product exports in 28 colour-coded categories

Population of Estonia 1960–2019. The changes are largely attributed to Soviet immigration and emigration.

A Russian Old Believer village with a church on Piirissaar island

Ruhnu stave church, built in 1644, is the oldest surviving wooden building in Estonia

Distribution of Finnic languages in Northern Europe

The University of Tartu is one of the oldest universities in Northern Europe and the highest-ranked university in Estonia. According to the Top Universities website, the University of Tartu ranks 285th in the QS Global World Ranking.

Building of the Estonian Students' Society in Tartu. It is considered to be the first example of Estonian national architecture. The Treaty of Tartu between Finland and Soviet Russia was signed in the building in 1920.

ESTCube-1 is the first Estonian satellite.

The Estonian Song Festival is UNESCO's Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Arvo Pärt was the world's most performed living composer from 2010 to 2018.

Jaan Kross is the most translated Estonian writer.

A traditional farmhouse built in the Estonian vernacular style

Mulgipuder, a national dish of Estonia made with potatoes, groats, and meat. It is very traditional food in the southern part of Estonia.

The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (widely used abbreviation Estonian SSR; Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik, Eesti NSV; Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Эстонская ССР) was an ethnically based administrative subdivision of the former Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR) covering the territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991.

- Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

Pärnu is the fourth largest city in Estonia.

- Pärnu

Democratic throughout most of the interwar period, Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II, but the country was repeatedly contested, invaded and occupied, first by Stalinist Soviet Union in 1940, then by Nazi Germany in 1941, and ultimately reoccupied in 1944 by, and annexed into, the USSR as an administrative subunit (Estonian SSR).

- Estonia

Pärnu then continued as being part of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, when Estonia restored its independence.

- Pärnu

The Hanseatic League controlled trade on the Baltic Sea, and overall the four largest towns in Estonia became members: Reval, Dorpat (Tartu), Pernau (Pärnu), and Fellin (Viljandi).

- Estonia

On April 15, 1945, in Pärnu, a monument by Amandus Adamson, erected to 87 persons who had fallen in the Estonian War of Independence, was demolished.

- Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

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Konstantin Päts

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Konstantin Päts with his family.
From left: brother Nikolai, sister Marianna, father Jakob, brother Voldemar, mother Olga, brother Peeter and Konstantin.

Konstantin Päts was one of the authors of the Estonian Declaration of Independence.

Konstantin Päts gave the first traditional speech at the Independence Day parade on 24 February 1919.

Weak representation in the left wing dominated Constituent Assembly left Konstantin Päts with little power in composing the land reform law and the 1920 constitution.

Oru palace in Toila was used as the summer residence of Päts during his authoritarian and presidential years. The palace was destroyed in World War II.

The presidential palace in Kadriorg was finished during Päts's presidency in 1938.

Konstantin Päts giving a speech at the 20th anniversary of the Republic of Estonia on Peter's Square in Tallinn.

Estonia's leaders before the Soviet occupation, celebrating the country's Independence Day for the last time, on 24 February 1940. From left General Johan Laidoner, President Konstantin Päts and Prime Minister Jüri Uluots.

Destruction of Konstantin Päts's statue in Tahkuranna in 1940.

President of Finland Pehr Evind Svinhufvud and Konstantin Päts in Narva in 1936. Päts's idea of a union of Finnic countries never came into existence.

President Konstantin Päts visiting Polish president, Ignacy Mościcki, in 1935.

"Mees ordenitega (K. Päts)" by Andrus Johani (1936)

Statue for Konstantin Päts in his birthplace Tahkuranna. Erected in 1939, it was removed by the Soviets in 1940. The statue was restored in 1989, exactly fifty years after it was first erected.

Konstantin and Helma Päts' graves in Tallinn Metsakalmistu cemetery (2019).

Konstantin Päts (23 February 1874 – 18 January 1956) was an Estonian statesman and the country's President in 1938–1940.

After this, he came into conflict with the local nobility and was forced to move to Tahkuranna, near Pärnu, in 1873.

On 21 July 1940, the Estonian SSR was proclaimed and it is claimed that only then Päts realized the essence of the Soviet occupation.

The university in 1860, during its 'Golden Age'.

University of Tartu

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Main building of the University of Tartu constructed between 1804 and 1809.

The Old Observatory of Tartu Observatory was completed in 1810. Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve worked here.

The Botanical Garden was founded by Gottfried Albrecht Germann in 1803.

The first Estonian satellite ESTCube-1 was developed mainly by the students from the University of Tartu.

The Baltic German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909.

Tartu University main building during Christmas (2006)

The University of Tartu (UT; Tartu Ülikool; Universitas Tartuensis) is a university in the city of Tartu in Estonia.

Just under a decade after being reconstituted, as a result of the coalition against Sweden (Russia, Denmark-Norway, and Saxony-Poland-Lithuania) and the Great Famine of 1695–1697, the university moved from Tartu to Pärnu.

The university was named Ostland-Universität in Dorpat during the German occupation of Estonia in 1941–1944 and Tartu State University (Estonian: Tartu Riiklik Ülikool) in 1940–1941 and 1944–1989, during the Soviet occupation.