A report on Estonia

Bronze Age stone-cist graves
Iron Age artefacts of a hoard from Kumna
Independent counties of Ancient Estonia in the beginning of the 13th century
Medieval Estonia and Livonia after the crusade
Kuressaare Castle in Saaremaa dates back to the 1380s
"Academia Dorpatensis" (now University of Tartu) was founded in 1632 by King Gustavus as the second university in the kingdom of Sweden. After the king's death it became known as "Academia Gustaviana".
Carl Robert Jakobson played a key role in the Estonian national awakening.
Declaration of Independence in Pärnu on 23 February 1918. One of the first images of the Republic.
Estonian armoured train during the Estonian War of Independence
According to the 23 August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact "the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)" were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence" (German copy)
The Red Army troops crossing Soviet-Estonian border in October 1939 after Estonia had been forced to sign the Bases Treaty
The capital Tallinn after bombing by the Soviet Air Force during the war on the Eastern Front in March 1944
Estonian Swedes fleeing the Soviet occupation to Sweden (1944)
The blue-black-white flag of Estonia was raised again on the top of the Pikk Hermann tower on February 24, 1989.
Baltic Way in Estonia
The barn swallow (H. r. rustica) is the national bird of Estonia.
Estonia Endla Nature Reserve 07 Forest
Haanja Nature reserve where violations of Natura 2000 area logging is taking place.
The seat of the Parliament of Estonia in Toompea Castle
Building of the Supreme Court of Estonia in Tartu
US President Barack Obama giving a speech at the Nordea Concert Hall in Tallinn
Foreign ministers of the Nordic and Baltic countries in Riga, 2016
Estonian soldiers during a NATO exercise in 2015
KAPO (Kaitsepolitsei) headquarters in Kassisaba, Kesklinn, Tallinn
An Estonian Patria Pasi XA-180 in Afghanistan
Administrative divisions of Estonia
A proportional representation of Estonia exports, 2019
The central business district of Tallinn
Real GPD per capita development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
Estonia's GDP growth from 2000 till 2012
The oil shale industry in Estonia is one of the most developed in the world. In 2012, oil shale supplied 70% of Estonia's total primary energy and accounted for 4% of Estonia's gross domestic product.
Rõuste wind farm in Lääneranna Parish
Graphical depiction of Estonia's product exports in 28 colour-coded categories
Population of Estonia 1960–2019. The changes are largely attributed to Soviet immigration and emigration.
Estonian folk dancers
A Russian Old Believer village with a church on Piirissaar island
Ruhnu stave church, built in 1644, is the oldest surviving wooden building in Estonia
Distribution of Finnic languages in Northern Europe
The University of Tartu is one of the oldest universities in Northern Europe and the highest-ranked university in Estonia. According to the Top Universities website, the University of Tartu ranks 285th in the QS Global World Ranking.
Building of the Estonian Students' Society in Tartu. It is considered to be the first example of Estonian national architecture. The Treaty of Tartu between Finland and Soviet Russia was signed in the building in 1920.
ESTCube-1 is the first Estonian satellite.
The Estonian National Museum in Tartu.
The Estonian Song Festival is UNESCO's Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Arvo Pärt was the world's most performed living composer from 2010 to 2018.
Jaan Kross is the most translated Estonian writer.
A traditional farmhouse built in the Estonian vernacular style
Mulgipuder, a national dish of Estonia made with potatoes, groats, and meat. It is very traditional food in the southern part of Estonia.
Tartu Ski Marathon in 2006

Country in Northern Europe.

- Estonia

331 related topics with Alpha

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The September 18, 1944 appointed Government of Estonia in Riigi Teataja

National Committee of the Republic of Estonia

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The September 18, 1944 appointed Government of Estonia in Riigi Teataja

The National Committee of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi Rahvuskomitee, EVRK) was a deliberative and legislative body, formed by the government of Republic of Estonia (the last government of Estonia before the Soviet occupation) to control the resistance movement in German-occupied Estonia in March 1944.

The location of Estonia (dark green) in Europe

History of the Jews in Estonia

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The location of Estonia (dark green) in Europe
Tallinn Synagogue, built in 1885, destroyed by Soviet bombing of Tallinn in March 1944.
Tallinn Synagogue

The history of Jews in Estonia starts with reports of the presence of individual Jews in what is now Estonia from as early as the 14th century.

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

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Independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.

Independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.

The Russian SFSR (red) within the Soviet Union (red and light yellow) between 1956 and 1991
The Russian SFSR in 1922
The Russian SFSR (red) within the Soviet Union (red and light yellow) between 1956 and 1991
The Russian SFSR in 1924
The Russian SFSR in 1929
The Russian SFSR in 1936
The Russian SFSR in 1940
Flag adopted by the Russian SFSR national parliament in 1991
Matryoshka doll taken apart

Internationally, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state in 1920 only by bordering neighbors of Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic in Ireland.

The plan of deportations of the civilian population created by the Soviet MGB.

Operation Priboi

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The plan of deportations of the civilian population created by the Soviet MGB.
Freight train cars used to transport deportees (on display in Naujoji Vilnia)
Estonian deportees in Siberia – 28% of deportees were children under the age of 16

Operation Priboi (Операция «Прибой» – "Operation 'Coastal Surf) was the code name for the Soviet mass deportation from the Baltic states on 25–28 March 1949. The action is also known as the March deportation (Märtsiküüditamine; Marta deportācijas; Мартовская депортация) by Baltic historians. More than 90,000 Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians, labeled as "enemies of the people", were deported to forced settlements in inhospitable areas of the Soviet Union. Over 70% of the deportees were either women or children under the age of 16.

Baltic exilee protest signs from the second half of the 20th century against the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States.

State continuity of the Baltic states

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Baltic exilee protest signs from the second half of the 20th century against the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States.
Baltic exilee protest signs from the second half of the 20th century against the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States.
Welles declaration, July 23, 1940, establishing U.S. policy of non-recognition of forced incorporation of the Baltic States
The map shows the Western recognition and non-recognition of annexation of the Baltics. Baltic states Soviet Union Warsaw Pact socialist countries Nations that explicitly did not recognize the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states, either de jure or de facto Nations that explicitly did not recognize the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states de jure but recognised the Soviet rule in the Baltics de facto Nations that recognized the incorporation of the Baltic states into the Soviet Union de jure States that have not expressed their position in any way

The three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – are held to have continued as legal entities under international law while under Soviet rule and German occupation from 1940 to 1991.

Autonomous Governorate of Estonia

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Established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

For the duration of control by Imperial Russia, Estonia was divided between two governorates (guberniyas).

Distribution of Estonians and non-Estonians in Estonia according to data from the 2011 Estonian census. Russians and other Russophone people form the bulk of the non-Estonian population.

Russians in Estonia

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Distribution of Estonians and non-Estonians in Estonia according to data from the 2011 Estonian census. Russians and other Russophone people form the bulk of the non-Estonian population.
Valeriy Karpin is a coach of Russia's football team born in Estonia
A Russian Old Believer village with a church on Piirissaar
The majority of the pre-war Russian population in Estonia lived in border areas that were annexed by the Russian SFSR in 1944.

In Estonia, the population of ethnic Russians is estimated at 320,000, most of whom live in the capital city Tallinn and other urban areas of Harju and Ida-Viru counties.

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World Bank high-income economy

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Defined by the World Bank as a nation with a gross national income per capita of US$12,696 or more in 2020, calculated using the Atlas method.

Defined by the World Bank as a nation with a gross national income per capita of US$12,696 or more in 2020, calculated using the Atlas method.

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🇪🇪 Estonia (2006–present)

Otto Tief

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Lieutenant Otto Tief in the Estonian Army during the Estonian War of Independence, 1919.
The 18 September 1944 appointed Government of Estonia in Riigi Teataja

Otto Tief (14 August 1889 – 5 March 1976) was an Estonian politician, military commander (during the Estonian War of Independence), and a lawyer.

Lithuanian resistance fighters from the Dainava military district.

Guerrilla war in the Baltic states

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Armed struggle waged by the Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian partisans, called the Forest Brothers , against the Soviet Union during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states during and after World War II.

Armed struggle waged by the Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian partisans, called the Forest Brothers , against the Soviet Union during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states during and after World War II.

Lithuanian resistance fighters from the Dainava military district.
Victims of Soviet NKVD in Tartu, Estonia (1941)
The plan of deportations of the civilian population in Lithuania during the Operation Priboi created by the Soviet MGB.
Lithuanian resistance fighters lead the arrested Commissar of the Red Army in Kaunas, 1941
Estonian group of partisans between 1945–1950
Estonian fighters, Järva county in 1953, relaxing after a shooting exercise (colorized photo)
Adolfas Ramanauskas ("The Hawk"), commander of the Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters
Fighters of the Kardas unit in the Žemaičiai military district, Lithuania, late 1940s.
State funeral of the Lithuanian partisan commander Adolfas Ramanauskas-Vanagas (1918–1957), 2018
State funeral of the last Lithuanian anti-Soviet partisan A. Kraujelis-Siaubūnas (1928–1965), 2019
Memorial stone in Rõuge Parish to Forest Brothers who died in Lükka battle

According to some estimates, 10,000 partisans in Estonia, 10,000 partisans in Latvia and 30,000 partisans in Lithuania and many more supporters were involved.