A report on Estrogen receptor

A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERβ (PDB rendering based on ).
The domain structures of ERα and ERβ, including some of the known phosphorylation sites involved in ligand-independent regulation.
A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERα (PDB rendering based on ).
Nolvadex (tamoxifen) 20 mg
Arimidex (anastrozole) 1 mg

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells.

- Estrogen receptor
A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERβ (PDB rendering based on ).

42 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Coumestrol

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Natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as coumestans.

Natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as coumestans.

However, continued exposure inhibited the growth of the uterus and decreased levels of estrogen receptors within uterine tissue.

Sp1 transcription factor

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Protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.

Protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.

Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying the increase or decrease of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or the estrogen receptor, since it binds to both and generally remains at a relatively constant level.

Elderly woman with osteoporosis showing a curved back from compression fractures of her back bones.

Osteoporosis

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Systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk.

Systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk.

Elderly woman with osteoporosis showing a curved back from compression fractures of her back bones.
Illustration depicting normal standing posture and osteoporosis
Progression of the shape of vertebral column with age in osteoporosis
Bone density peaks at about 30 years of age. Women lose bone mass more rapidly than men.
The body regulates calcium homeostasis with two pathways; one is signaled to turn on when blood calcium levels drop below normal and one is the pathway that is signaled to turn on when blood calcium levels are elevated.
Osteoporosis locations
Multiple osteoporotic wedge fractures demonstrated on a lateral thoraco-lumbar spine X-ray
Age-standardised hip fracture rates in 2012.
Light micrograph of an osteoclast displaying typical distinguishing characteristics: a large cell with multiple nuclei and a "foamy" cytosol.
Light micrograph of osteoblasts, several displaying a prominent Golgi apparatus, actively synthesizing osteoid containing two osteocytes.
Collapse of vertebra on the right, normal on the left

The α-form of the estrogen receptor appears to be the most important in regulating bone turnover.

Hormone receptor positive breast tumor

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Tumor which consists of cells that express receptors for certain hormones.

Tumor which consists of cells that express receptors for certain hormones.

The term most commonly refers to estrogen receptor positive tumors (i.e. tumors that contain estrogen receptor positive cells), but can also include progesterone receptor positive tumors.

Elwood V. Jensen

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The Distinguished University Professor, George and Elizabeth Wile Chair in Cancer Research at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine's Vontz Center for Molecular Studies.

The Distinguished University Professor, George and Elizabeth Wile Chair in Cancer Research at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine's Vontz Center for Molecular Studies.

In 2004 he received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research for his research on estrogen receptors.

ICI-164384

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Steroidal antiestrogen and a synthetic derivative of estradiol which is closely related to fulvestrant and was never marketed.

Steroidal antiestrogen and a synthetic derivative of estradiol which is closely related to fulvestrant and was never marketed.

It is a silent antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER) with no intrinsic estrogenic activity and hence is a pure antiestrogen, unlike selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen.

The location and development of endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer

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Cancer that arises from the endometrium .

Cancer that arises from the endometrium .

The location and development of endometrial cancer.
The location and development of endometrial cancer.
The autosomal dominant inheritance pattern seen in Lynch syndrome
Immunohistochemistry of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma with wild-type pattern of p53 expression, with variable proportion of tumor cell nuclei staining with variable intensity.
Vaginal ultrasonography with an endometrial fluid accumulation (darker area) in a postmenopausal uterus, a finding that is highly suspicious for endometrial cancer
Polypoidal endometrial carcinoma
Relative incidences of endometrial carcinomas by histopathology.
Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma—very high magnification—H&E stain
A keyhole hysterectomy, one possible surgery to treat endometrial cancer
alt=A diagram of stage IA and IB endometrial cancer|Stage IA and IB endometrial cancer
alt=A diagram of stage II endometrial cancer|Stage II endometrial cancer
alt=A diagram of stage III endometrial cancer|Stage III endometrial cancer
alt=A diagram of stage IV endometrial cancer|Stage IV endometrial cancer

This treatment is effective in endometrial stromal sarcomas because they typically have estrogen and/or progestin receptors.

Cross-section of the human mammary gland. 1. Chest wall

2. Pectoralis muscles

3. Lobules

4. Nipple

5. Areola

6. Milk duct

7. Fatty tissue

8. Skin

Mammary gland

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Exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.

Exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.

Cross-section of the human mammary gland. 1. Chest wall

2. Pectoralis muscles

3. Lobules

4. Nipple

5. Areola

6. Milk duct

7. Fatty tissue

8. Skin
Cross-section of the human mammary gland. 1. Chest wall

2. Pectoralis muscles

3. Lobules

4. Nipple

5. Areola

6. Milk duct

7. Fatty tissue

8. Skin
Light micrograph of a human proliferating mammary gland during estrous cycle. Sprouting gland tissue can be seen in the upper left field (haematoxylin eosin staining)
Cross section of the breast of a human female
Dog
Cattle
Cat
Pig
Goat
Elephant

However, GH itself also acts independently of IGF-1 to stimulate ductal development by upregulating estrogen receptor (ER) expression in mammary gland tissue, which is a downstream effect of mammary gland GHR activation.

Micrograph of a mucinous ovarian carcinoma stained by H&E.

Ovarian cancer

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Cancer that forms in or on an ovary.

Cancer that forms in or on an ovary.

Micrograph of a mucinous ovarian carcinoma stained by H&E.
Site of ovarian cancer
Women with ovarian or breast cancer in a pedigree chart of a family
A very large ovarian cancer as seen on CT
Micrograph of serous carcinoma, a type of ovarian cancer, diagnosed in peritoneal fluid
Ovarian cancers in women aged 20+, with area representing relative incidence and color representing five-year relative survival rate
A pathological specimen of ovarian carcinoma
Hobnail cells seen in a clear cell carcinoma sample
Ovarian adenocarcinoma deposit in the mesentery of the small bowel
Relative five-year survival of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer by stage
Ovarian tumors (including non-cancerous tumors) by incidence and risk of ovarian cancer.
Ovarian cancer cases diagnosed by age group in the US
Stage 1 ovarian cancer
Stage 2 ovarian cancer
Stage 3 ovarian cancer
Stage 4 ovarian cancer
Age-standardized death from ovarian cancer per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 
no data
less than 0.6
0.6–1.2
1.2–1.8
1.8–2.4
2.4–3
3–3.6
3.6–4.2
4.2–4.8
4.8–5.4
5.4–6
6–7
more than 7

Despite the fact that 60% of ovarian tumors have estrogen receptors, ovarian cancer is only rarely responsive to hormonal treatments.

Aromatase

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Enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens.

Enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens.

Aromatase inhibitors, which stop the production of estrogen in postmenopausal women, have become useful in the management of patients with breast cancer whose lesion was found to be estrogen receptor positive.