Eswatini

It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its north, west, and south. Before that, they were settled in the area of the Tembe River near present-day Maputo, Mozambique.

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ; Mozambiki; Msumbiji; Muzambhiki), is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa to the southwest.

It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its north, west, and south.

It is bounded to the south by 2,798 km of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini (Swaziland); and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho.

Eswatini (eSwatini ), officially the Kingdom of Eswatini (Umbuso weSwatini) and also known as Swaziland (officially renamed in 2018 ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.

The term southern Africa or Southern Africa, generally includes Angola, Botswana, Eswatini (also known as Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, though Angola may be included in Central Africa and Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe in East Africa.

The population is composed primarily of ethnic Swazis.

The Swazi or Swati (siSwati) are a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa, predominantly inhabiting modern Eswatini and South Africa's Mpumalanga province and Mozambique.

The Swazis established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III.

Ngwane III was King of Swaziland from 1745 to 1780.

The country and the Swazi take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881 in the midst of the Scramble for Africa.

He was also the eponym of Eswatini.

The government is an absolute diarchy, ruled jointly by Ngwenyama ("King") Mswati III and Ndlovukati ("Queen Mother") Ntfombi Tfwala since 1986.

Countries where monarchs still maintain absolute power are: Brunei, Eswatini, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Vatican City and the individual emirates composing the United Arab Emirates, which itself is a federation of such monarchies – a federal monarchy.

The current constitution was adopted in 2005.

Eswatini is an absolute monarchy with constitutional provisions and Swazi law and Custom.

The government is an absolute diarchy, ruled jointly by Ngwenyama ("King") Mswati III and Ndlovukati ("Queen Mother") Ntfombi Tfwala since 1986.

Ndlovukati (literally, "She-Elephant", pl. tiNdlovukati; also spelled Indlovukazi) is the Siswati title for the female head of state of Eswatini and is roughly equivalent to a Queen Mother or Senior Queen in other countries.

As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa; in order to ensure economic stability, Eswatini's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand.

The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) is a free trade area with twenty-one member states stretching from Tunisia to Eswatini.

Umhlanga, held in August/September, and incwala, the kingship dance held in December/January, are the nation's most important events.

Incwala is the main ritual of kingship in the Kingdom of Eswatini.

The government is an absolute diarchy, ruled jointly by Ngwenyama ("King") Mswati III and Ndlovukati ("Queen Mother") Ntfombi Tfwala since 1986.

Modern examples of diarchies are Andorra, whose princes are the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell in Catalonia; San Marino, whose republic is led by two Captains Regent; and Eswatini, where sovereignty rests jointly in the king and his mother.

As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa; in order to ensure economic stability, Eswatini's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand.

The lilangeni (plural: emalangeni, ISO 4217 code: SZL) is the currency of Eswatini and is subdivided into 100 cents.

As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa; in order to ensure economic stability, Eswatini's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand.

The rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area between South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho and Namibia, although the last three countries do have their own currencies pegged at par with the rand.

The government is an absolute diarchy, ruled jointly by Ngwenyama ("King") Mswati III and Ndlovukati ("Queen Mother") Ntfombi Tfwala since 1986.

Ngwenyama (also Ingwenyama) is the title of the male ruler (King) of Eswatini.

Before that, they were settled in the area of the Tembe River near present-day Maputo, Mozambique.

Located near the southern end of the country, it is positioned within 120 km (75 miles) of the Eswatini and South Africa borders.

They were largely replaced by the Nguni during the great Bantu migrations.

Swazi people live in both South Africa and Eswatini, while Ndebele people live in both South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Under Sobhuza I, the Ngwane people eventually established their capital at Zombodze in the heartland of present-day Eswatini.

1780–1836) was king of Swaziland, from 1815 to 1836.

KaNgwane, named for Ngwane III, is an alternative name for Eswatini, the surname of whose royal house remains Nkhosi Dlamini.

The House of Dlamini is the royal house of the Kingdom of Eswatini.

Because of controversial land/mineral rights and other concessions, Swaziland had a triumviral administration in 1890 following the death of King Mbandzeni in 1889.

Mbandzeni (also known as Dlamini IV, Umbandine, Umbandeen ) (1855–1889) was the King of Swaziland from 1875 until 1889.

As of 2018, Eswatini has the 12th-lowest life expectancy in the world, at 58 years.

According to the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) data, women on average live longer than men in all major regions and in all individual countries except for Mali and Eswatini (Swaziland).

Eswatini is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.

The position is symbolic, representing the free association of independent members, the majority of which (32) are republics, and five have monarchs of different royal houses (Brunei, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malaysia, and Tonga).

This continued under the rule of Ngwane V until the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899.

Ngwane V (also known as Mahlokohla, Bhunu, Hhili) was the King of Swaziland from 1895 until his death on 10 December 1899.

Sobhuza's official coronation was in December 1921 after the regency of Labotsibeni, after which he led an unsuccessful deputation to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in London in 1922 regarding the issue of the land.

1859 – 15 December 1925), was the Queen Mother and Queen Regent of Swaziland.

The country and the Swazi take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881 in the midst of the Scramble for Africa.

The British, on the other hand, wanted to link their possessions in Southern Africa (modern South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Zambia), with their territories in East Africa (modern Kenya), and these two areas with the Nile basin.