Itinerant groups in Europe and Flag of the Romani people

A Showman's wagon, used for accommodation and transportation

Alternative flag for survivors of the Romani genocide, as used at Fort Mont-Valérien in 1975

Two Jenische in Muotathal, Switzerland, ca. 1890

Romani flag on the Casa Consistorial (municipal palace) of Pontevedra (April 2018)

Variant reportedly advanced by the UGRR ca. 1933

Eight-spoked wheel variant used by the Hungarian Romanies

Variant seen in Romania's Călărași County

Old flag of Šuto Orizari Municipality, North Macedonia

One of Tomáš Rafa's Romani-themed variations on the Czech flag

There are a number of traditionally itinerant or travelling groups in Europe who are known as "Travellers" or "Gypsies".

- Itinerant groups in Europe

Several alternatives to the 1978 flag still emerged among dissenting Romani or itinerant groups.

- Flag of the Romani people

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Romani people

Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s

Gypsies camping. Welsh Romanies near Swansea, 1953

A Roma makes a complaint to a local magistrate in Hungary, by Sándor Bihari, 1886

The migration of the Romanis through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe

A Romani wagon pictured in 2009 in Grandborough Fields in Warwickshire. Grandborough Fields Road is a popular spot for travelling people.

First arrival of the Romanies outside Bern in the 15th century, described by the chronicler as getoufte heiden ("baptized heathens") and drawn with dark skin and wearing Saracen-style clothing and weapons

Gypsy Family in Prison, 1864 painting by Carl d´Unker. An actual imprisoned family in Germany served as the models. The reason for their imprisonment remains unknown.

An 1852 Wallachian poster advertising an auction of Romani slaves in Bucharest

Sinti and other Romani about to be deported from Germany, 22 May 1940

Münster, Sebastian (1552), "A Gipsy Family", The Cosmographia (facsimile of a woodcut), Basle

Nomadic Roma family traveling in Moldavia, 1837

Christian Romanies during the pilgrimage to Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in France, 1980s

Two Orthodox Christian Romanies in Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Romani and bear (Belgrade, Banovo brdo, 1980s)

Members of the Cofradía de los Gitanos parading the "throne" of Mary of the O during the Holy Week in Malaga, Spain

Gypsy fortune-teller in Poland, by Antoni Kozakiewicz, 1884

Muslim Romanies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (around 1900)

27 June 2009: Fanfare Ciocărlia live in Athens, Greece

Street performance during the Khamoro World Roma Festival in Prague, 2007

Deportation of Roma from Asperg, Germany, 1940 (photograph by the Rassenhygienische Forschungsstelle)

Distribution of the Romani people in Europe (2007 Council of Europe "average estimates", totalling 9.8 million)

Paris Bordone, The Rest on the Flight into Egypt {{circa|1530}}, Elizabeth, at right, is shown as a Romani fortune-teller

August von Pettenkofen: Gypsy Children (1885), Hermitage Museum

Vincent van Gogh: The Caravans – Gypsy Camp near Arles (1888, oil on canvas)

Nicolae Grigorescu Gypsy from Boldu (1897), Art Museum of Iași

The Romani (also spelled Romany, ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally nomadic itinerants.

Although some Romani could be kept as slaves in Wallachia and Moldavia until abolition in 1856, the majority traveled as free nomads with their wagons, as alluded to in the spoked wheel symbol in the Romani flag.

Dharmachakra

Widespread symbol used in Indian religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, and especially Buddhism.

Ten Indus characters from the northern gate of Dholavira, dubbed the Dholavira Signboard.

Worshipers and Dharmachakra, Sanchi Stupa, South Face, West Pillar.

The original Lion Capital of Ashoka, from Sarnath. It originally supported a large dhamachakra on the top.

Wheel of the chariot of the sun, Konark Sun Temple.

The Emblem of India, featuring the Ashoka Chakra on the base panel representing the Dharmachakra

Jain illustration with dharmachakra and the motto Ahiṃsā Paramo Dharma (non-violence is the highest dharma).

Reconstitution of approximate layout of Sanchi at the time of the Mauryas, showing the pillar topped by a dharmachakra.

Sanchi pillar capital wheel reconstitution

Bharhut Stupa at the Indian Museum, Kolkata

Sandstone depiction, c. 2nd Century BCE, Bharhut, Indian Museum – Kolkata.

Illustrated reconstruction of the pinnacles at Bharhut by Alexander Cunningham

Eastern gateway of Bharhut stupa topped with a dharmachakra pinnacle

Buddha represented by Dharmacakra, Sanchi Stupa no. 3.

Dharmacakra on Pillar, Sanchi Stupa no. 3

Adoration of the pillar of Ashoka, Sanchi Stupa no. 3.

Amaravati Stupa relief at Museum in Chennai, India.

Limestone Pilaster, 2nd century CE, Amravati, Indian Museum, Kolkata.

Buddha footprints with dharmachakras, Archaeological Museum, Amaravati

Gandharan Stele illustrating the first sermon at Sarnath, 2nd century, Metropolitan Museum of Art.

A sculpture depicting the dharmachakra in the museum of Amaravathi

Taxila coin with wheel and Buddhist symbols

Coin found in Afghanistan, 50 BCE – c. 30 CE, at the latest before 50 CE.

Three Jewels, or Triratna. Eastern Afghanistan. Kushan period. 2–3 century.

Dharmachakra Pravartana Mudra, Gupta period, 5th CE.

Dhammacakka, National Museum, Bangkok, Thailand

Khao Klang Nai, Si Thep Historical Park, Thailand.

Mon dharmachakra, VII or IX century, Sandstone

Dharma wheel, Japan, Kamakura period, 1200s CE, bronze – Tokyo National Museum.

Part of a Buddha-statue, showing the first five disciples of the Buddha at Sarnath and dharmachakra.

Japanese dharmachakra, late 13th century.

Mandala Base, China, Ming dynasty, Cleveland Museum of Art.

Dharma wheel, China, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period, 1736–1795 CE.

Box with Ink Cakes: Yellow Ink Stick, China, Qing dynasty (1644–1912).

Garuda upholding the Dhammacakka, Wat Sri Suphan, Chiang Mai

Dhammacakka on Main Gable, Wat Phra Putthabat Tak Pha, Lamphun

The Emblem of Mongolia includes the dharmachakra, a cintamani, a padma, blue khata and the Soyombo symbol

The Emblem of Sri Lanka, featuring a blue dharmachakra as the crest

Emblem of the Supreme Court of India, which shows the dharmachakra on top of the Lion Capital. It was found broken during the excavations.

The Flag of India has the Ashoka Chakra at its center representing the Dharmachakra.

The flag of the former Kingdom of Sikkim featured a version of the Dharmachakra

Emblem of Central Tibetan Administration with Tibetan Buddhist style Dharmachakra

The dhammacakka flag, the symbol of Buddhism in Thailand

The seal of Thammasat University in Thailand consisting of a Constitution on phan with a twelve-spoked dhammacakkka

Colours of the National Scout Organization of Thailand

Flag used by the Indian Dalit Buddhist Movement

The insignia for Buddhist chaplains in the United States Armed Forces.

Wheel in Jain Symbol of Ahimsa represents dharmachakra

A very similar wheel symbol also appears in the flag of the Romani people, hinting to their nomadic history and their Indian origins.

Gheorghe A. Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică

Leader of the Romani (Gypsy) community in Romania, also remembered for his support of Romania's interwar far-right.

Marta and Gheorghe Lăzurică in Kaunas, 1936

Bicolor version of the Romani flag, reportedly used by the UGRR

Calinic Șerboianu (left) and Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică on the nameplate of Țara Noastrăs weekly Romani issue (edition of August 1, 1937)

Historian Ian Hancock claims that it was a horizontal bicolor, and as such a predecessor for the current Romani flag.

Irish Travellers

Irish Travellers (na lucht siúil, meaning "the walking people"), also known as Pavees or Mincéirs (Shelta: Mincéirí), are a traditionally peripatetic ethno-cultural group originating in Ireland.

Travellers near the Four Masters monument in Donegal Town, 1958

The Traveller Ethnicity pin was created to celebrate the Irish State's formal acknowledgement on 1 March 2017 of Travellers as a distinct ethnic group in Irish society.

The flag of the Irish Traveller Movement

They are one of several groups identified as "Travellers", a closely related group being the Scottish Travellers.

Kalderash

The Kalderash are a subgroup of the Romani people.

A traditional Kalderash Roma metalsmith from Hungary in 1892

Eight-spoked wheel flag used by the Kalderash Roma of Călărași County

An elderly woman of the Kalderash Roma ethnicity in diaspora

Kalderash Roma family in Sweden, early 20th century

Bistrița Monastery; considered a Holy place among Eastern Orthodox Kalderash Roma

According to studies done on the Kalderash clans of Seattle, Kalderash Roma generally stick to traditional itinerant jobs such as automobile body repair, roofing, stove cleaning, and other short term jobs that allows them to maintain their traditional lifestyle.

Yenish people

Yenish at Lake Lauerz, Schwyz, Switzerland, 1928

Two Yenish in Muotathal, Switzerland, ca. 1890

Geographic distribution of the Yenish (2007 upload, unreferenced)

The Yenish (German: Jenische; French: Yéniche) are an itinerant group in Western Europe who live mostly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and parts of France, roughly centred on the Rhineland.

Ethnic group

Ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.

The Javanese people of Indonesia are the largest Austronesian ethnic group.

The racial diversity of Asia's ethnic groups, Nordisk familjebok (1904)

Assyrians are the indigenous peoples of Northern Iraq.

The Basque people constitute an indigenous ethnic minority in both France and Spain.

The Irish are an ethnic group indigenous to Ireland of which 70–80 million people worldwide claim ancestry.

Ethno-cultural, emphasizing shared culture or tradition, often overlapping with other forms of ethnicity – example: Travellers

Sinti

The Sinti (also Sinta or Sinte; masc. sing.

Johann Trollmann, a German Sinti boxer, 1928

Memorial in Nuremberg opposite Frauentorgraben 49, where on the 15 September 1935 the Nuremberg Laws were adopted in the ballroom of the Industrial & Cultural Association clubhouse

Deportation of Sinti and Roma in Asperg, 22 May 1940

Memorial for murdered Sinti in Düsseldorf-Lierenfeld

Ravensburg, Memorial for Sinti murdered in Auschwitz

They were traditionally itinerant, but today only a small percentage of Sinti remain unsettled.

Scottish Romani and Itinerant people groups

Scottish Travellers, or the people in Scotland loosely termed Romani persons or travellers, consist of a number of diverse, unrelated communities that speak a variety of different languages and dialects that pertain to distinct customs, histories, and traditions.

Nomadic peoples of Europe

True nomadism has rarely been practiced in Europe in the modern period, being restricted to the margins of the continent, notably Arctic peoples such as the (traditionally) semi-nomadic Saami people in the north of Scandinavia, or the Nenets people in Russia's Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Sometimes also described as "nomadic" (in the figurative or extended sense) is the itinerant lifestyle of various groups subsisting on craft or trade rather than on livestock.