Flat feet
Postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground.
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Arches of the foot
The arches of the foot, formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones, strengthened by ligaments and tendons, allow the foot to support the weight of the body in the erect posture with the least weight.
Collapse of the longitudinal arches results in what is known as flat feet.
Podiatrist
Medical professional devoted to the treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and related structures of the leg.
Structural deformities, including bunions, hammertoes, flat feet, high arches, and bone spurs
Barefoot
Barefoot means not wearing any footwear.
Feet that have never worn shoes rarely exhibit problems such as bunions, corns, and "fallen arches", are not prone to more than ordinary foot eversion on standing and walking due to the associated weakness or stiffness of the joints of the foot and weakness of the muscles controlling them, as well as having a much reduced incidence of problems such as callouses.
Shin splints
Pain along the inside edge of the shinbone due to inflammation of tissue in the area.
Flat feet or rigid arches
Ligamentous laxity
Ligamentous laxity, or ligament laxity, means loose ligaments.
Those who have loose ligaments in the legs and feet may appear to have flat feet.
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Complex of three ligaments on the underside of the foot that connect the calcaneus with the navicular bone.
A sprain to the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament can result in flatfoot deformity, which can impair mobility.
Pronation of the foot
Natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking.
To complicate matters, one study done by Hylton Menz at the University of Western Sydney-Macarthur suggests that the methods for measuring arch height and determining whether someone is “flat-footed” or “high-arched” are unreliable.
Foot gymnastics
Foot gymnastics are games and exercises intended to strengthen the muscles of legs and feet, improve the motion sequences of walking and sports, support therapy of varicose veins and dorsal pain.
Such activities are recommended to improve flat feet especially of children and the gait performance of older adults.
18p-
Genetic condition caused by a deletion of all or part of the short arm of chromosome 18.
These include pes planus, clubfoot, scoliosis and/or kyphosis, pectus abnormalities, cubitus valgus, congenital hip dysplasia, spina bifida occulta, and genu valgum.