A report on Fossil fuel and Fuel

Since oil fields are located only at certain places on earth, only some countries are oil-independent; the other countries depend on the oil-production capacities of these countries

Wood was one of the first fuels used by humans.

A petrochemical refinery in Grangemouth, Scotland, UK

The Global Carbon Project shows how additions to since 1880 have been caused by different sources ramping up one after another.

Global surface temperature reconstruction over the last 2000 years using proxy data from tree rings, corals, and ice cores in blue. Directly observational data is in red, with all data showing a 5 year moving average.

Fuel gauge for gasoline on a 50 ccm scooter, with the typical pictogram of a gas pump

In 2020, renewables overtook fossil fuels as the European Union's main source of electricity for the first time.

Two CANDU ("CANada Deuterium Uranium") fuel bundles, each about 50cm long and 10cm in diameter

Nuclear fuel pellets are used to release nuclear energy.

A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel.

- Fossil fuel

Most liquid fuels in widespread use are derived from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals by exposure to heat and pressure inside the Earth's crust.

- Fuel

5 related topics with Alpha

Petroleum

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Naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.

Shale bings near Broxburn, 3 of a total of 19 in West Lothian.

This wartime propaganda poster promoted carpooling as a way to ration vital gasoline during World War II.

Unconventional resources are much larger than conventional ones.

Octane, a hydrocarbon found in petroleum. Lines represent single bonds; black spheres represent carbon; white spheres represent hydrogen.

Structure of a vanadium porphyrin compound (left) extracted from petroleum by Alfred E. Treibs, father of organic geochemistry. Treibs noted the close structural similarity of this molecule and chlorophyll a (right).

A hydrocarbon trap consists of a reservoir rock (yellow) where oil (red) can accumulate, and a caprock (green) that prevents it from egressing.

Some marker crudes with their sulfur content (horizontal) and API gravity (vertical) and relative production quantity.

Nominal and inflation-adjusted US dollar price of crude oil, 1861–2015.

Oil consumption per capita (darker colors represent more consumption, gray represents no data) (source: see file description).

Global fossil carbon emissions, an indicator of consumption, from 1800. {{legend|black|Total}}{{legend|blue|Oil}}

Rate of world energy usage per year from 1970.<ref name="BP-Report-2012">BP: Statistical Review of World Energy {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516003736/http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle800.do?categoryId=9037130&contentId=7068669 |date=May 16, 2013 }}, Workbook (xlsx), London, 2012</ref>

Daily oil consumption from 1980 to 2006.

Oil consumption by percentage of total per region from 1980 to 2006: {{legend|red|US}}{{legend|blue|Europe}}{{legend|#D1D117|Asia and Oceania}}.

A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, mostly zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both prolonged heat and pressure.

The most common distillation fractions of petroleum are fuels.

Diagram describing the ideal combustion cycle by Carnot

Internal combustion engine

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Overhead cam 4-stroke gasoline engine: C – crankshaft

Piston, piston ring, gudgeon pin and connecting rod

Valve train above a Diesel engine cylinder head. This engine uses rocker arms but no pushrods.

Engine block seen from below. The cylinders, oil spray nozzle and half of the main bearings are clearly visible.

Diagram showing the operation of a 4-stroke SI engine. Labels:
1 ‐ Induction
2 ‐ Compression
3 ‐ Power
4 ‐ Exhaust

Diagram of a crankcase scavenged 2-stroke engine in operation

Diagram of an engine using pressurized lubrication

P-V diagram for the ideal Diesel cycle. The cycle follows the numbers 1–4 in clockwise direction.

The Wankel rotary cycle. The shaft turns three times for each rotation of the rotor around the lobe and once for each orbital revolution around the eccentric shaft.

An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.

ICEs are typically powered by fossil fuels like natural gas or petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil.

Combustion

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Air pollution abatement equipment provides combustion control for industrial processes.

The combustion of methane, a hydrocarbon.

Colourized gray-scale composite image of the individual frames from a video of a backlit fuel droplet burning in microgravity.

Antoine Lavoisier conducting an experiment related to combustion generated by amplified sun light.

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

The thermal energy produced from combustion of either fossil fuels such as coal or oil, or from renewable fuels such as firewood, is harvested for diverse uses such as cooking, production of electricity or industrial or domestic heating.

Carbon dioxide

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Chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms.

Stretching and bending oscillations of the CO2 carbon dioxide molecule. Upper left: symmetric stretching. Upper right: antisymmetric stretching. Lower line: degenerate pair of bending modes.

Pellets of "dry ice", a common form of solid carbon dioxide

Pressure–temperature phase diagram of carbon dioxide. Note that it is a log-lin chart.

Dry ice used to preserve grapes after harvest

Comparison of the pressure–temperature phase diagrams of carbon dioxide (red) and water (blue) as a log-lin chart with phase transitions points at 1 atmosphere

Keeling curve of the atmospheric CO2 concentration

Atmospheric CO2 annual growth rose 300% since the 1960s.

Annual flows from anthropogenic sources (left) into Earth's atmosphere, land, and ocean sinks (right) since the 1960s. Units in equivalent gigatonnes carbon per year.

Pterapod shell dissolved in seawater adjusted to an ocean chemistry projected for the year 2100.

Overview of the Calvin cycle and carbon fixation

Overview of photosynthesis and respiration. Carbon dioxide (at right), together with water, form oxygen and organic compounds (at left) by photosynthesis, which can be respired to water and (CO2).

Symptoms of carbon dioxide toxicity, by increasing volume percent in air.

Rising levels of CO2 threatened the Apollo 13 astronauts who had to adapt cartridges from the command module to supply the carbon dioxide scrubber in the Lunar Module, which they used as a lifeboat.

CO2 concentration meter using a nondispersive infrared sensor

Burning fossil fuels is the primary cause of these increased CO2 concentrations and also the primary cause of global warming and climate change.

Carbon fixation is a biochemical process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated by plants, algae and (cyanobacteria) into energy-rich organic molecules such as glucose, thus creating their own food by photosynthesis.