A report on Gabon

A map of West Africa in 1670
The Battle of Gabon resulted in the Free French Forces taking the colony of Gabon from Vichy French forces, 1940
President George W. Bush welcomes President Omar Bongo to the Oval Office, May 2004
Independence Day celebration in Gabon
Ali Bongo Ondimba, President of the Gabonese Republic, his wife Sylvia Bongo Ondimba, US president Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama in 2014
Prime Minister of Gabon Julien Nkoghe Bekale and Russian President Vladimir Putin at the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi in October 2019
U.S. Navy Captain is greeted by Gabonese Army
Gabon map of Köppen climate classification
Beach scene in Gabon
A proportional representation of Gabon exports, 2019
Change in per capita GDP of Gabon, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.
Crowd on beach in Gabon
Libreville
People in Libreville
A Gabonese mask

Country on the west coast of Central Africa.

- Gabon

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Republic of the Congo

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Country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the west of the Congo river.

Country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the west of the Congo river.

The court of N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi, from the book Description of Africa (1668)
Alphonse Massamba-Débat's one-party rule (1963–1968) attempted to implement a political economic strategy of "scientific socialism".
Marien Ngouabi changed the country's name to the People's Republic of the Congo, declaring it Africa's first Marxist–Leninist state. He was assassinated in 1977.
A pro-constitutional reform rally in Brazzaville during October 2015. The constitution's controversial reforms were subsequently approved in a disputed election which saw demonstrations and violence.
Denis Sassou Nguesso served as president from 1979 to 1992 and has remained in power ever since his rebel forces ousted President Pascal Lissouba during the 1997 Civil War.
Map of the Republic of the Congo exhibiting its twelve departments
Climate diagram for Brazzaville
GDP per capita development in the Republic of Congo, 1950 to 2018
A proportional representation of Republic of the Congo exports, 2019
Cassava is an important food crop in the Republic of the Congo.
Young women learning to sew, Brazzaville
Maya-Maya Airport in Brazzaville
Trois Pieces, a Congo-Brazzaville food
School children in the classroom, Republic of the Congo

It is bordered to the west by Gabon, to its northwest by Cameroon and its northeast by the Central African Republic, to the southeast by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to its south by the Angolan exclave of Cabinda and to its southwest by the Atlantic Ocean.

Equatorial Guinea

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Country on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of 28000 km2.

Country on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of 28000 km2.

Portuguese rule in Equatorial Guinea lasted from the arrival of Fernão do Pó (Fernando Pó) in 1472 until the 1778 Treaty of El Pardo.
Map of the Spanish possessions in 1897, before the Treaty of Paris (1900).
Borders after the agreement of 1900 on the land that would become Spanish Guinea, until the independence of 1968.
Corisco in 1910.
Inaugural flight with Iberia from Madrid to Bata, 1941.
Centro Cultural de España (Cultural Centre of Spain) in Malabo.
Signing of the independence of Equatorial Guinea by the then Spanish minister Manuel Fraga together with the new Equatorial Guinean president Macías Nguema on October 12, 1968.
Francisco Macías Nguema, first president of Equatorial Guinea in 1968 and became a dictator until he was overthrown in a coup d'état in 1979.
Obiang and U.S. president Obama with their wives in 2014.
Highway construction in Ciudad de la Paz in 2010. Ciudad de la Paz will be the future capital of Equatorial Guinea.
Presidential palace of Teodoro Obiang in Malabo.
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According to the BBC, President Obiang Nguema "has been described by rights organisations as one of Africa's most brutal dictators."
An Antonov An-72P of the Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea on lift off.
Köppen climate classification of Equatorial Guinea
A proportional representation of Equatorial Guinea exports, 2019.
Gepetrol Tower in Malabo 2013.
Torre de La Libertad ("Freedom Tower").
Malabo International Airport (Aeropuerto de Malabo in Spanish), en Punta Europa, island of Bioko.
Evolution of the Equatoguinean population between 1960 and 2017. Population in thousands of inhabitants.
Equatorial Guinean children of Bubi descent.
Floral inscription with the name of the country in Spanish in Malabo.
Santa Isabel Cathedral in Malabo
Ministry of Education, Science and Sports (Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia y Deportes in Spanish).
The port of Malabo.
Edition of the television magazine Malabeando at the Cultural Centre of Spain in Malabo.
Estadio de Bata in Bata.

The mainland region, Río Muni, is bordered by Cameroon on the north and Gabon on the south and east.

Cameroon

10 links

Country in west-central Africa.

Country in west-central Africa.

Bamum script is a writing system developed by King Njoya in the late 19th century.
Former president Ahmadou Ahidjo ruled from 1960 until 1982.
Paul Biya has ruled the country since 1982.
Unity Palace – Cameroon Presidency
A statue of a chief in Bana, West Region
President Paul Biya with U.S. President Barack Obama in 2014
Military vehicles during a parade
Cameroon is divided into 10 regions.
Volcanic plugs dot the landscape near Rhumsiki, Far North Region.
Elephants in Waza National Park
School children in Cameroon
Life expectancy in Cameroon
Dutch bulls and cows at Wallya community during the rainy season in Cameroon
Douala seaport
Cameroonian women on Women's Day Celebration
The homes of the Musgum, in the Far North Region, are made of earth and grass.
Map of the region's indigenous languages
Dancers greet visitors to the East Region.
Plantains and "Bobolo" (made from cassava) served with Ndolè (meat and shrimp)
Cameroonian fashion is varied and often mixes modern and traditional elements. Note the wearing of sun glasses, Monk shoes, sandals, and a Smartwatch.
A woman weaves a basket near Lake Ossa, Littoral Region. Cameroonians practise such handicrafts throughout the country.
Cameroon faces Germany at Zentralstadion in Leipzig, 17 November 2004.
Our Lady of Victories Cathedral, catholic church in Yaoundé

It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south.

Membership of ECCAS

Central Africa

6 links

Subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions.

Subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions.

Membership of ECCAS
Congo Basin
The Kanem and Bornu Empires in 1810
Abéché, capital of Wadai, in 1918 after the French had taken over
Lunda town and dwelling
Kongo in 1711
French explorer Paul Du Chaillu confirmed the existence of Pygmy peoples of central Africa
Fishing in Central Africa
UN Macroregion of Central Africa
Art from Cameroon
ECCAS/CEMAC state, part of Middle Africa
ECCAS state, part of Middle Africa
ECCAS state only

Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and São Tomé and Príncipe are members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS).

Bongo in 2020

Ali Bongo Ondimba

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Bongo in 2020
Ali Bongo meets United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
Bongo with U.S. President Barack Obama
Ali Bongo with A. K. Antony in New Delhi, 2007
Bongo (third from left) with other state leaders in 2016
Ali Bongo Ondimba speaking at the Illegal Wildlife Trade Conference in London, October 2018
Wendy R. Sherman meets with Ali Bongo Ondimba in Libreville, May 2022

Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain Bernard Bongo; 9 February 1959), sometimes known as Ali Bongo, is a Gabonese politician who has been the third president of Gabon since October 2009.

Bongo in 1973

Omar Bongo

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Bongo in 1973
Omar Bongo's state visit to Netherlands in 1984
Bongo with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow whilst on a state visit in 2001.
President Bongo meets with American President George W. Bush in May 2004.
Omar Bongo with the President of Brazil, Lula da Silva.
Ali Bongo Ondimba with U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton date: unknown
Ms. Bongo, Queen Juliana, Omar Bongo and prince Bernhard in 1973
Bongo with Italian President Giuseppe Saragat in 1968

El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo; 30 December 1935 – 8 June 2009) was a Gabonese politician who was the second President of Gabon for 42 years, from 1967 until his death in 2009.

African Union

6 links

Continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa.

Continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa.

Map showing the traditional language families represented in Africa
Muammar Gaddafi embracing Tanzanian President Kikwete after assuming the chairmanship
Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)
African Union Representational Mission in Washington, D.C.
Emblem of the African Union
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (formerly GSPC) area of operations
South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011
Kenyan soldiers and fighters of the Ras Kamboni Brigades, a Somali government-allied militia, near Kismayo, Somalia, 2012

On 15 July 2012, Dlamini-Zuma won a tightly contested vote to become the first female head of the African Union Commission, replacing Jean Ping of Gabon.

Ogooué-Ivindo Province

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Ogooué-Ivindo Province is the northeasternmost of Gabon's nine provinces, though its Lopé Department is in the very center of the country.

Moyen-Ogooué Province

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Departments of Moyen-Ogooué

Moyen-Ogooué is one of Gabon's nine provinces.

Chronological overview after Nurse and Philippson (2003): 
 1 = 4,000–3,500BP: origin
 2 = 3,500BP: initial expansion 
 "early split": 2.a = Eastern, 2.b = Western 
 3 = 2,000–1,500BP: Urewe nucleus of Eastern Bantu
 4–7: southward advance
 9 = 2,500BP: Congo nucleus
 10 = 2,000–1,000BP: last phase

Bantu expansion

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Hypothesis of major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, which spread from an original nucleus around West-Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa.

Hypothesis of major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, which spread from an original nucleus around West-Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa.

Chronological overview after Nurse and Philippson (2003): 
 1 = 4,000–3,500BP: origin
 2 = 3,500BP: initial expansion 
 "early split": 2.a = Eastern, 2.b = Western 
 3 = 2,000–1,500BP: Urewe nucleus of Eastern Bantu
 4–7: southward advance
 9 = 2,500BP: Congo nucleus
 10 = 2,000–1,000BP: last phase
Map indicating the spread of the Early Iron Age across Africa; all numbers are AD dates except for the "250 BC" date.
San rock art depicting a shield-carrying Bantu warrior. The movement of Bantu settlers, who migrated southwards and settled in the summer rainfall regions of Southern Africa within the last 2000 years, established a range of relationships with the indigenous San people from bitter conflict to ritual interaction and intermarriage.

Linguistic analysis suggests that the expansion proceeded in two directions: the first went across or along the Northern border of the Congo forest region (towards East Africa), and the second – and possibly others – went south along the African coast into Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Angola, or inland along the many south-to-north flowing rivers of the Congo River system.