A report on Patna, Ganges and Megasthenes

Statue of Matrikas found near Agam Kuan, built by Ashoka.
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Main street of Patna, showing one side of the Chowk, 1814–15.
Bhagirathi River at Gangotri.
City of Patna, on the River Ganges, 19th-century painting.
Devprayag, confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left), and beginning of the Ganges proper.
Map of Patna district
The Himalayan headwaters of the Ganges River in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India.
Monsoon clouds over Priyadarshi Nagar, a part of Kankarbagh- residential area in Eastern Patna.
The Gandhi Setu Bridge across the Ganges in Patna, Bihar
Maurya Lok is one of the oldest and major shopping area of the city
A sailboat on the main distributory of the Ganges in Bangladesh, the Padma river.
The Mahavir Mandir is a famous temple in Patna.
The Ganges delta in a 2020 satellite image.
Bhootnath Road TV Tower broadcasts programming to Patna
A 1908 map showing the course of the Ganges and its tributaries.
Jay Prakash Narayan Airport, Patna
The River Ganges at Kolkata, with Howrah Bridge in the background
Patna Junction Railway Station, Patna
Lower Ganges in Lakshmipur, Bangladesh
Magahi folk singers
Hardinge Bridge, Bangladesh, crosses the Ganges-Padma River. It is one of the key sites for measuring streamflow and discharge on the lower Ganges.
Gandhi Maidan (shown above) lies in the heart of Patna and is the site for most political and social functions in the city.
Chromolithograph, Indian woman floating lamps on the Ganges, by William Simpson, 1867
Golghar was originally built to serve as a granary for the British East India company army during the famine of 1786. It now features an observation deck overlooking the Ganges and the city.
Descent of Ganga, painting by Raja Ravi Varma c. 1910
Sabhyata Dwar in Patna
Preparations for cremations on the banks of the Ganges in Varanasi], 1903. The dead are being bathed, wrapped in cloth, and covered with wood. The photograph has a caption, "Who dies in the waters of the Ganges obtains heaven."]
Indian Institute of Technology Patna at Bihta, one of the premier institutes of engineering and research in India.
Women and children at a bathing ghat on the Ganges in Banares (Varanasi), 1885.
Patna College, established 1863, is considered to be the oldest institution of higher education in Bihar.
Shiva, as Gangadhara, bearing the Descent of the Ganges, as the goddess Parvati, the sage Bhagiratha, and the bull Nandi look on (circa 1740).
Moin-Ul-Haque Stadium near Rajendra Nagar, used for cricket and association football.
A procession of Akharas marching over a makeshift bridge over the Ganges River. Kumbh Mela at Allahabad, 2001.
Pataliputra as a capital of the Magadha Empire.
Head works of the Ganges canal in Haridwar (1860). Photograph by Samuel Bourne.
Pataliputra as a capital of Maurya Empire. The Maurya Empire at its largest extent under Ashoka the Great.
The Ganges Canal highlighted in red stretching between its headworks off the Ganges River in Haridwar and its confluences with the Jumna (Yamuna) River in Etawah and with the Ganges in Cawnpore (now Kanpur).
Pataliputra as a capital of Shunga Empire. Approximate greatest extent of the Shunga Empire (c. 185 BCE).
A girl selling plastic containers in Haridwar for carrying Ganges water.
Pataliputra as a capital of Gupta Empire. Approximate greatest extent of the Gupta Empire.
Ganges from Space
Street in Patna, 1825 (British, active in India)
Lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus)
Golghar at Bankipore, near Patna, 1814–15
The catla (Catla catla) is one of the Indian carp species that support major fisheries in the Ganges
State Bank of India- Patna Regional office at East Gandhi Maidan Marg
The threatened gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a large fish-eating crocodilian that is harmless to humans
Reserve Bank of India's regional office at South Gandhi Maidan Marg, Patna
The Gangetic dolphin in a sketch by Whymper and P. Smit, 1894.
A murti, or representation, of the goddess Durga shown during the Durga Puja festival
People bathing and washing clothes in the Ganges in Varanasi.
People Celebrating Chhath Festival the 2nd Day at Morning a tribute to the rising holy God Sun
A game of cricket in progress
Kankarbagh Indoor Stadium at Patliputra Sports Complex during Pro Kabaddi League match
The Ganges at Sultanganj.

He spent time at the court of Sibyrtius, who was a satrap of Arachosia under Antigonus I and then Seleucus I. Megasthenes was then an ambassador for Seleucid king Seleucus I Nicator and to the court of the Mauryan King Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra (modern Patna).

- Megasthenes

The modern city of Patna is mainly on the southern bank of the river Ganges.

- Patna

It has been important historically, with many former provincial or imperial capitals such as Pataliputra, Kannauj, Kara, Munger, Kashi, Patna, Hajipur, Delhi, Bhagalpur, Murshidabad, Baharampur, Kampilya, and Kolkata located on its banks or the banks of tributaries and connected waterways.

- Ganges

He must have then traveled to Pataliputra along the Yamuna and the Ganga rivers.

- Megasthenes

Megasthenes, the Indo-Greek historian and ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, gave one of the earliest accounts of the city.

- Patna

The first European traveller to mention the Ganges was the Greek envoy Megasthenes (ca.

- Ganges
Statue of Matrikas found near Agam Kuan, built by Ashoka.

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Plan of Pataliputra, compared to present-day Patna

Pataliputra

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Plan of Pataliputra, compared to present-day Patna
Ruins of pillared hall at Kumrahar site at Pataliputra.
The Pataliputra capital, discovered at the Bulandi Bagh site. 4th-3rd c. BCE.
Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site.
Mauryan remains of a wooden palisade discovered at the Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra.
Fa-Hien at the ruins of Ashoka's palace in Pataliputra in the 4th century CE (artist impression).
Ruins of Pataliputra at Kumhrar.
Pataliputra served as the capital of the Haryanka dynasty and the Shishunaga dynasty of Magadha.
Pataliputra served as the capital of the Nanda Empire.
Pataliputra served as the capital of the Maurya Empire.
Pataliputra served as the capital of the Shunga Empire.
Pataliputra served as the capital of the Gupta Empire.
Pataliputra served as the capital of the Pala Empire.
The Masarh lion, 3rd century BCE.
Lohanipur torso.
Portion of pillar, found in Pataliputra.
Pataliputra griffin statuette.
Winged griffin.
Pataliputra Yakshas, with Mauryan inscriptions.
Kumrahar coping stone with vines.
Pataliputra lotus motifs.
Polished pillar from Pataliputra.
Mason marks at the base of a pillar.<ref>Foreign Influence on Ancient India, de Krishna Chandra Sagar p.41</ref>
Charriot wheel, Bulandi Bagh, Mauryan period.
Bulandi Bagh female statuette, Sunga period.
Buddhist railing, Sunga period.

Pataliputra (IAST: ), adjacent to modern-day Patna, was a city in ancient India, originally built by Magadha ruler Ajatashatru in 490 BCE as a small fort near the Ganges river.

As per the Greek diplomat, traveler and historian Megasthenes, during the Mauryan Empire (c.