Genomics
Interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.
- Genomics500 related topics
Bioinformatics
Interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex.
Bioinformatics includes biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as specific analysis "pipelines" that are repeatedly used, particularly in the field of genomics.
Geneticist
Biologist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms.
They also participate in more specific genetics courses such as molecular genetics, transmission genetics, population genetics, quantitative genetics, ecological genetics, and genomics.
Systems biology
Computational and mathematical analysis and modeling of complex biological systems.
Items that may be a computer database include: phenomics, organismal variation in phenotype as it changes during its life span; genomics, organismal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, including intra-organismal cell specific variation.
Proteomics
Large-scale study of proteins.
After genomics and transcriptomics, proteomics is the next step in the study of biological systems.
Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy (from Greek πλείων pleion, 'more', and τρόπος tropos, 'way') occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
Studies on fungal evolutionary genomics have shown pleiotropic traits that simultaneously affect adaptation and reproductive isolation, converting adaptations directly to speciation.
DNA sequencing
Process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA.
The Sanger method, in mass production form, is the technology which produced the first human genome in 2001, ushering in the age of genomics.
Human Genome Project
International scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.
Because of widespread international cooperation and advances in the field of genomics (especially in sequence analysis), as well as major advances in computing technology, a 'rough draft' of the genome was finished in 2000 (announced jointly by U.S. President Bill Clinton and British Prime Minister Tony Blair on June 26, 2000).
Model organism
Non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
Inquiries about the DNA of organisms are classed as genetic models (with short generation times, such as the fruitfly and nematode worm), experimental models, and genomic parsimony models, investigating pivotal position in the evolutionary tree.
Metagenomics
Study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples.
While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the 16S rRNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample.