Gniezno

King Władysław IV Vasa confirms the old privileges of Gniezno, 1635

Memorial at the site of a German execution of 24 Poles in November 1939 in the Dalki district

Gniezno during the visit of Pope John Paul II in 1979

View of Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Adalbert. On the right side - church under the invocation of St. John the Baptist

Coffin of Adalbert of Prague in the Cathedral

Gothic Saint John the Baptist church in winter

Monument of King Bolesław I the Brave with the Cathedral in the background

City in central-western Poland, about 50 km east of Poznań, with 68,943 inhabitants making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship.

- Gniezno

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Piast dynasty

The first historical ruling dynasty of Poland.

Lands held by the Piast dynasty (992–1025), with a shaded area corresponding to the territory of present-day Poland

Denar Princes Polonie, 11th century (in the times of Bolesław I the Brave), one of the most recognizable coins in the history of Polish coinage.

Shortly afterwards they relocated their residence to Gniezno, where Prince Mieszko I ruled over the Civitas Schinesghe from about 960.

Łęczyca

Town of 13,786 inhabitants in central Poland.

The First Sejm in Łęczyca, by Jan Matejko

Baroque Church of the Immaculate Conception of Mary

In the early 12th century, Gallus Anonymus called Łęczyca "Lucic", and in 1154, Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi named it Nugrada, placing it among other main towns of the Kingdom of Poland, such as Kraków, Sieradz, Gniezno, Wrocław and Santok.

Bolesław I the Brave

Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025.

Poland and parts of Pomerania temporarily conquered at the beginning of Bolesław's reign

Bolesław I the Brave buys the corpse of Saint Adalbert of Prague from the Prussians, Gniezno Doors c. 1170

Bolesław's replica of the Holy Lance, Wawel Hill, Cracow

Poland during the reign of Bolesław the Brave

Bolesław's denarius with the inscription Princes Polonie.

King Henry in a sacramentary c. 1002–1014

Bolesław at Kiev, in a legendary moment of hitting the Golden Gate with the Szczerbiec sword. Painting by Jan Matejko.

Coronation of the First King, as imagined by Jan Matejko

10-złotych coin with Bolesław Chrobry (1925)

Monument to Bolesław the Brave in Gniezno, created by Marcin Rożek in 1925. Destroyed in 1939 and reconstructed in 1985 by Jerzy Sobociński.

This perhaps happened most clearly during the Congress of Gniezno (11 March 1000), which resulted in the establishment of a Polish church structure with a Metropolitan See at Gniezno.

Poznań

City on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region.

14th-century seal showing Poznań's coat of arms

Monument of Mieszko I and Boleslaus I the Brave, Golden Chapel at the Poznań Cathedral

Poznań Cathedral (center) and the smaller Church of Holy Virgin Mary to its right, standing on the site of the original ducal residence

Royal Castle after its total reconstruction

Poznań, c. undefined 1617, view from the north

Interior details in the Parish Church, or simply Fara, built in 1651–1701. One of the most stunning and best preserved examples of baroque architecture in Poland

Raczyński Library (1828) at Liberty Square in 2016

Old Market Square in 1934. The Odwach guardhouse and the 1893's New Town Hall, which was not rebuilt after World War II

The skyline of Poznań, as seen from the east bank of the Warta river

Malta lake, the Mound of Freedom and artificial ski slope Malta-ski

Administrative division into 42 osiedla auxiliary units since 2011

The pre-1990 city division into main districts dzielnica, which are still retained for some administrative purposes

A view of Stary Browar, Poznań Financial Centre, and Andersia Tower from the Collegium Altum of the University of Economics

Historical Herbrand B3/H0 horse-drawn tram used in Poznań between 1880 and 1898

The Renaissance Town Hall from 1560 served as the seat of local government until 1939 and now houses a museum

Grand Theatre behind Adama Mickiewicza Park

Collegium Minus of the Adam Mickiewicz University

AMU's Faculty of Political Science and Journalism at the Campus Morasko

Faculty of Chemical Technologies – Poznań University of Technology

Greater Poland Railways train at the Poznań Główny

A2 motorway before the six-lane expansion done in 2019

Moderus Gamma tram, which is produced near Poznań, in city's eastern underground section

Solaris bus; they are also produced near Poznań

Eurocopter EC135 Lifeguard 9 waiting for an emergency dispatch at the Ławica Airport

Imperial Castle, now the Zamek Culture Centre

Merchant houses, originally 16th century's herring stalls, at the Old Market Square

Bamberka fountain at the Old Market Square

Stary Browar, Kufel by Wojciech Kujawski (Guinness ratified largest beer mug in the world), and Art Stations Foundation gallery in the background

Rogalin's Raczyński Palace within Rogalin Landscape Park, some 8 mi south of Poznań. Rear view

The Congress of Gniezno in 1000 led to the country's first permanent archbishopric being established in Gniezno (which is generally regarded as Poland's capital in that period), although Poznań continued to have independent bishops of its own.

Coat of arms of Poland

White, crowned eagle with a golden beak and talons, on a red background.

John III Sobieski's coat of arms crowning the Royal Chapel in Gdańsk

Chrobry denarius with a heraldic bird, about 1000 AD

Tapestry with the coats of arms of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, ca. 1555

A silver heraldic base for King John Casimir's crown, ca. 1666

Coat of arms of Poland (official since 1927) in Paris during the World Expo in 1937

Template of the white eagle in the coat of arms of Poland (1919-1927)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ustawa z dnia 1 sierpnia 1919 r. o godłach i barwach Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Dz.U. 1919 nr 69 poz. 416|url=https://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19190690416}}.</ref>

Coat of arms of Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)

Official Polish coat of arms (1919-1927) according to the law.

Zygmunt Kamiński`s original proposed design (1927).

Modernist eagle from a rare coin (1925).

Official Polish coat of arms since 1927 according to the law.

Official Polish coat of arms since 1927 according to the law, exposed by president during a steamboat cruise. Visible knight's shield, Modern French type without ordinary grey oval plate which is rare.

Polish coat of arms (unofficial) in Art Deco style, on the facade of the Ministry of Transport in Warsaw (architect Rudolf Świerczyński 1931).

Polish coat of arms (unofficial) in Art Deco style, on the facade of the post office in Warsaw (architect Julian Puterman-Sadłowski 1934).

Polish coat of arms in the full-rigged sailing ship from Gdynia called "Dar Pomorza" (English: Gift of Pomerania), 1938.

Coat of arms of Poland during the Warsaw Uprising, 1944.

Coat of arms of the Polish People's Republic (1944-1989) according to the law.

Coat of arms of the Republic of Poland according to the law Dz.U. z 2005 r. Nr 235, poz. 2000

The eagle used by governmental institutions and on Polish passports

The Coat of arms on a Polish passport (2006)

The Coat of arms of Poland in the Supreme Court of Poland in Warsaw (by architect Marek Budzyński 1992). It's a knight's shield, Modern French type in heraldry. The knight's shields without ordinary grey oval plates are rare on facades. This type of shield, without grey oval plate resembling the coat of arms in the Polish parliament in Warsaw.

The Coat of arms of Poland in Zagreb. The grey oval plate made of metal sheet is visible. The grey oval plates are popular in schools and embassies on facades, but ovals are considered as ordinary.

He also named the place Gniezdno (currently Gniezno) from the Polish word gniazdo ("nest").

Greater Poland

Historical region of west-central Poland.

A map of Greater Poland/Great Poland during Piast period from the Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae, based on data from historical documents

A map of Polish dialects. The area where Greater Poland's dialect is spoken is marked in violet.

Palace of the Raczyński family in Rogalin, within the Rogalin Landscape Park

Other cities are Kalisz to the south-east, Konin to the east, Piła to the north, Ostrów Wielkopolski to the south-east, Gniezno (the earliest capital of Poland) to the north-east, and Leszno to the south-west.

Kruszwica

Town in central Poland and is situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship (1975–1998).

The Gospel Book of Kruszwica (ca.1160) is considered among the most precious mediaeval manuscripts in Poland.

It soon gave place to that of Gniezno or Knezno, further west, which by its very name indicates that it was the residence of a Knez, or prince or duke.

Adalbert of Prague

Bohemian missionary and Christian saint.

Monument to Adalbert and his brother Gaudentius, Libice nad Cidlinou, Czech Republic.

Adalbert on a seal of the chapter of Gniezno Cathedral (Gnesen)

Poland, Bohemia and Prussia during the reign of Bolesław the Brave.

The execution of Saint Adalbert by the pagan Prussians, Gniezno Doors.

Silver coffin of Adalbert, Cathedral in Gniezno

Canonical cross of Saint Adalbert by Giennadij Jerszow. Collegiate Capitol in Gdańsk. Silver-Gold 2011

Then he went to Poland where he was cordially welcomed by then-Duke Boleslaus I and installed as Bishop of Gniezno.

Gord (archaeology)

Medieval Slavonic fortified settlement usually build on strategic sites such as hilltops, riverbanks, lake islets or peninsulas between the 6th–12th centuries CE in Central and Eastern Europe.

Section of a reconstructed hilltop gród at the village of Birów near Ogrodzieniec, Poland

Reconstructed West Slavic fortified settlement (gord) in Groß Raden, Germany

Towns and villages in Poland with names derived from gród (magenta circles)

A cross section of early Slavic gród bulwarks and wharf in Gdańsk, Poland

Gniezno

Royal city in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Urban settlement within the crown lands (królewszczyzna).

Medal commemorating the Law on the Cities

Kraków, Kleparz and Kazimierz in the 17th century - agglomeration of three royal cities

Wawel Castle, Kraków (World Heritage Site)

Royal Castle, Warsaw (World Heritage Site)

Remainings of the Royal Castle, Nowy Sącz

Remainings of the Royal Castle, Kremenets

Medieval Town of Toruń (World Heritage Site)

Other important royal cities included Gniezno (ecclesiastical capital of Poland and former capital of early medieval Poland), Płock (former capital of medieval Poland), Grodno (general sejm location alongside Warsaw), Bydgoszcz and Piotrków (Crown Tribunal locations alongside Lublin).