A report on Go motion

Variation of stop motion animation which incorporates motion blur into each frame involving motion.

- Go motion

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Tippett (left) with Dennis Muren at a screening of Jurassic Park 3D in 2013.

Phil Tippett

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American movie director and Oscar and Emmy Award-winning visual effects supervisor and producer, who specializes in creature design, stop-motion and computerized character animation.

American movie director and Oscar and Emmy Award-winning visual effects supervisor and producer, who specializes in creature design, stop-motion and computerized character animation.

Tippett (left) with Dennis Muren at a screening of Jurassic Park 3D in 2013.

For this film, Tippett co-developed the animation technique called go motion to animate the sinister AT-AT Imperial Walkers and the hybrid alien tauntauns.

A clay model of a chicken, designed to be used in a clay stop motion animation

Stop motion

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Animated filmmaking technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exhibit independent motion or change when the series of frames is played back.

Animated filmmaking technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exhibit independent motion or change when the series of frames is played back.

A clay model of a chicken, designed to be used in a clay stop motion animation
Julienne Mathieu in a stop motion/pixilation scene from Hôtel électrique (1908)
Stills from Battle of the Suds and other Helena Smith-Dayton films (1917)
Pat & Mat, two inventive but clumsy neighbors, was introduced in 1976, while the first made-for-TV episode Tapety (translated Wallpaper) was produced in 1979 for ČST Bratislava.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Industrial Light & Magic often used stop-motion model animation in such films as the original Star Wars trilogy: the holochess sequence in Star Wars, the Tauntauns and AT-AT walkers in The Empire Strikes Back, and the AT-ST walkers in Return of the Jedi were all filmed using stop-motion animation, with the latter two films utilising go motion: an invention from renowned visual effects veteran Phil Tippett.

Prehistoric Beast's rerelease online poster (Tippett Studio, 2011).

Prehistoric Beast

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Ten-minute-long experimental animated film conceived, supervised and directed by Phil Tippett in 1984.

Ten-minute-long experimental animated film conceived, supervised and directed by Phil Tippett in 1984.

Prehistoric Beast's rerelease online poster (Tippett Studio, 2011).
Prehistoric Beast's logo

Made with the go motion animation technique, scenes from Prehistoric Beast were included in the 1985 full-length documentary Dinosaur!, first aired on CBS in the United States on November 5, 1985.

Theatrical release poster by Jeff Jones

Dragonslayer (1981 film)

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1981 American dark fantasy film directed by Matthew Robbins, from a screenplay he co-wrote with Hal Barwood.

1981 American dark fantasy film directed by Matthew Robbins, from a screenplay he co-wrote with Hal Barwood.

Theatrical release poster by Jeff Jones
According to Barwood, the dragon's basic body plan was based on that of the Jurassic pterosaur Rhamphorhynchus
Ken Ralston's flying model of the dragon, Vermithrax Pejorative
Ulrich's Castle looking over to Moel Siabod, Dolwyddelan Castle, North Wales
Galen (Peter MacNicol) and Hodge (Sydney Bromley) rehearsing for the pack levitation scene. Director Mathew Robbins is monitoring through the camera. Capel Curig, North Wales
Location of Valerian's speech and handing a shield (made from the Dragon's scales) to Galen. Below Tryfan, Llyn Ogwen, North Wales
Dolwyddelan Castle, used for Ulrich's Castle.

Phil Tippett had co-developed an animation technique there for The Empire Strikes Back (1980) called go motion, a variation on stop motion.

Industrial Light & Magic

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American motion picture visual effects company that was founded on May 26, 1975 by George Lucas.

American motion picture visual effects company that was founded on May 26, 1975 by George Lucas.

Parking lot and building of the first company headquarters of ILM in Van Nuys, where the special effects of the first Star Wars movie were produced

1980: First use of Go motion to animate the Tauntaun creatures of The Empire Strikes Back

Earth's rotation causes motion blur in long-exposure photos of the night sky. This diurnal motion leaves star trails in exposures like this one taken at La Silla Observatory.

Motion blur

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Apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

Apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

Earth's rotation causes motion blur in long-exposure photos of the night sky. This diurnal motion leaves star trails in exposures like this one taken at La Silla Observatory.
An example of motion blur showing a London bus passing a telephone box in London
1920s example of motion blur
Two animations rotating around a figure, with motion blur (left) and without
A taxicab starting to drive off blurred the girls' faces in the image.
Motion blur is frequently employed in sports photography (particularly motor sports) to convey a sense of speed. To achieve this effect it is necessary to use a slow shutter speed and pan the lens of the camera in time with the motion of the object
Taken aboard an airplane turning above San Jose at night. The city lights form concentric strips.
The traffic on this street leaves brilliant streaks due to the low shutter speed of the camera and the cars' relatively fast speed.
Strickland Falls in Tasmania, Australia, taken using a neutral density filter. ND filters reduce light of all colors or wavelengths equally, allowing an increase in aperture and decrease in shutter speed without overexposing the image. To create the motion blur seen here, the shutter must be kept open for a relatively long time, making it necessary to reduce the amount of light coming through the lens.
Long exposure photograph of moths showing exaggerated rod effect.

Go motion is a variant of stop motion animation that moves the models during the exposure to create a less staggered effect.

Nr. 10 in the reworked second series of Stampfer's stroboscopic discs published by Trentsensky & Vieweg in 1833.

Animation

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Method in which figures are manipulated to appear as moving images.

Method in which figures are manipulated to appear as moving images.

Nr. 10 in the reworked second series of Stampfer's stroboscopic discs published by Trentsensky & Vieweg in 1833.
A projecting praxinoscope, from 1882, here shown superimposing an animated figure on a separately projected background scene
Fantasmagorie (1908) by Émile Cohl
Italian-Argentine cartoonist Quirino Cristiani showing the cut and articulated figure of his satirical character El Peludo (based on President Yrigoyen) patented in 1916 for the realization of his films, including the world's first animated feature film El Apóstol.
An example of traditional animation, a horse animated by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos.
A clay animation scene from a Finnish television commercial
A 2D animation of two circles joined by a chain
World of Color hydrotechnics at Disney California Adventure creates the illusion of motion using 1,200 fountains with high-definition projections on mist screens.

Go motion : A variant of model animation that uses various techniques to create motion blur between frames of film, which is not present in traditional stop motion. The technique was invented by Industrial Light & Magic and Phil Tippett to create special effect scenes for the film The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Another example is the dragon named "Vermithrax" from the 1981 film Dragonslayer.

Dinosaur!'s opening credits

Dinosaur!

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1985 American television documentary film about dinosaurs.

1985 American television documentary film about dinosaurs.

Dinosaur!'s opening credits

Conceived and created by Tippett with the help of Industrial Light & Magic stop-motion animators Randy Dutra (who made the dinosaur molds and skins) and Tom St. Amand (who made the inner articulated metallic skeletons of the dinosaurs), this original sequence was titled Prehistoric Beast and tried to improve go motion animation special effects techniques.

this movie poster

List of Star Wars creatures

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List of creatures in the fictional universe of Star Wars, a space opera media franchise.

List of creatures in the fictional universe of Star Wars, a space opera media franchise.

this movie poster

Their animation was significant because of the use of go motion (making their motion more consistent with live action).

Theatrical release poster

Jurassic Park (film)

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1993 American science fiction action film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen.

1993 American science fiction action film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen.

Theatrical release poster
Michael Crichton's book attracted the attention of director Steven Spielberg even before it was published. The author was also responsible for the film's first scripts.
1917 skeletal diagram of Tyrannosaurus published by Henry Fairfield Osborn, which was the basis of the novel's cover, and subsequently the logo of the movies.
Replica of the Ford Explorers featured in the film at Universal Studios Japan
The life-sized animatronic
Tyrannosaurus rex on the set. It is the largest sculpture ever made by Stan Winston Studio.
The "Dinosaur Input Device" raptor used for the film.
The Jurassic Park Discovery Center at Islands of Adventure.
Poster for the 2013 3D re-release

He brought in Stan Winston to create the animatronic dinosaurs; Phil Tippett (credited as Dinosaur Supervisor) to create go motion dinosaurs for long shots; Michael Lantieri to supervise the on-set effects; and Dennis Muren of Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to do the digital compositing.