Government

In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary.

Legislatures form important parts of most governments; in the separation of powers model, they are often contrasted with the executive and judicial branches of government.

Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy and tyranny.

Aristocracy (Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, from ἄριστος aristos 'excellent', and κράτος, kratos 'rule') is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.

Each government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy.

After that, many governments ruled by special codes of written laws.

A government is the system to govern a state or community.

Governance comprises all of the processes of governing – whether undertaken by the government of a state, by a market or by a network – over a social system (family, tribe, formal or informal organization, a territory or across territories) and whether through the laws, norms, power or language of an organized society.

Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy and tyranny.

A timocracy (from Greek τιμή timē, "price, worth" and -κρατία -kratia, "rule") in Aristotle's Politics is a state where only property owners may participate in government.

A government is the system to govern a state or community. A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a state is "a. an organized political community under one government; a commonwealth; a nation. b. such a community forming part of a federal republic, esp the United States of America".

The word government derives, ultimately, from the Greek verb κυβερνάω [kubernáo] (meaning to steer with gubernaculum (rudder), the metaphorical sense being attested in Plato's Ship of State).

The English word government is related to it.

Identifying a form of government is also difficult because many political systems originate as socio-economic movements and are then carried into governments by parties naming themselves after those movements; all with competing political-ideologies.

In political science, a political system defines the process for making official government decisions.

Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy and tyranny.

To some Muslim religious leaders in the Middle East and Africa who advocate it, an Islamic republic is a state under a particular Islamic form of government.

As Ribuffo notes, "what Americans now call conservatism much of the world calls liberalism or neoliberalism"; a "conservative" in Finland would be labeled a "socialist" in the United States.

The early waves of liberalism popularised economic individualism while expanding constitutional government and parliamentary authority.

Many monarchies were aristocracies, although in modern constitutional monarchies the monarch himself or herself has little real power.

A monarchy is a form of government in which a natural person, the monarch, is head of state until death or abdication.

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, liberal democracy has become an even more prevalent form of government.

Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism.

It is especially important in the political science fields of comparative politics and international relations.

Political science is a social study concerning the allocation and transfer of power in decision making, the roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations, political behaviour and public policies.

Other terms used to describe different republics include Democratic republic, Parliamentary republic, Federal republic, and Islamic Republic.

A democratic republic is a form of government operating on principles adopted from a republic and a democracy.

Democracy is a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

In a democracy, a government is chosen by voting in an election: a way for an electorate to elect, i.e. choose, among several candidates for rule.

Market economies have existed under many forms of government and in many different times, places and cultures.

Other terms used to describe different republics include Democratic republic, Parliamentary republic, Federal republic, and Islamic Republic.

To some Muslim religious leaders in the Middle East and Africa who advocate it, an Islamic republic is a state under a particular Islamic form of government.

In political science, it has long been a goal to create a typology or taxonomy of polities, as typologies of political systems are not obvious.

Polities do not need to be in control of any geographic areas, as not all political entities and governments have controlled the resources of one fixed geographic area.

A stateless society is a society that is not governed by a state, or, especially in common American English, has no government.

In a representative democracy the citizens elect representatives from among themselves.

It is an element of both the parliamentary and the presidential systems of government and is typically used in a lower chamber such as the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Lok Sabha of India, and may be curtailed by constitutional constraints such as an upper chamber.

It is usually provided by government to people living within its jurisdiction, either directly (through the public sector) or by financing provision of services.

This article lists forms of government and political systems, according to a series of different ways of categorising them.

An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).

A central government is the government that holds absolute supremacy over a unitary state.

Historically, most political systems originated as socioeconomic ideologies.

Government and judicial intervention are employed at times to change the economic incentives for people for various reasons.