A report on Grand Canyon

Image of the Grand Canyon and surrounding area taken from the International Space Station
The Grand Canyon from an airplane, with the Colorado River visible
Grand Canyon, Arizona, Nevada, Lake Powell to Lake Mead, June 27, 2017, Sentinel-2 true-color satellite image. Scale 1:450,000.
Diagram showing the placement, age and thickness of the rock units exposed in the Grand Canyon
Rockfalls in recent times, along with other mass wasting, have further widened the canyon
Ancestral Puebloan granaries at Nankoweap Creek
La conquista del Colorado (2017), by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau, depicts Spanish Captain García López de Cárdenas 1540 expedition
William Bell's photograph of the Grand Canyon, taken in 1872 as part of the Wheeler expedition
Noon rest in Marble Canyon, second Powell Expedition, 1872
Desert View Watchtower in 2004
1923-built steam locomotive No. 4960 at the Grand Canyon Depot
Grand Canyon covered with snow
Smoke from prescribed fires on the South Rim, as seen from Yavapai Point, April 2007.
Natural fog sometimes fills the canyon, during temperature inversions
Grand Canyon Climate Summary Chart (NPS)
A bighorn ram perched on a cliff in the Grand Canyon
A bighorn ewe at the Grand Canyon, 2008
A California condor in flight, photographed from Navajo Bridge at Marble Canyon, 2008. Wild condors are numbered to aid wildlife researchers. As of April 2009, there were 172 wild California condors known.
Red-tailed Hawk flying at the south rim of Grand Canyon
An elk searching for water at Grand Canyon National Park in 2018.
Rafters in the Grand Canyon pass one of the rapids of the (mud-)"colored" Colorado River
Guano Point – a popular vantage point for tourists, situated on the West Rim of the Grand Canyon, Hualapai Indian Reservation
Grand Canyon rescue helicopter, 1978
Ribbon Falls, near the North Kaibab Trail, represents ground water reaching the surface.
David Rust, ca.1910
Railway Station and El Tovar Hotel, Facing WNW, Grand Canyon Village. 1994 photo, HAER
Fred Harvey postcard, The Towering Cliffs above Hermit Camp
Vishnu rock, Trail of Time, Grand Canyon

Steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States.

- Grand Canyon
Image of the Grand Canyon and surrounding area taken from the International Space Station

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Overall
Lookout Studio, 2017

Lookout Studio

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Lookout Studio, 2017
Side view of the Lookout Studio showing the multiple levels, faux ruins appearance, and banks of windows.

Lookout Studio, known also as The Lookout, is a stone building located on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, within Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona.

Main lodge building

Bright Angel Lodge

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Main lodge building
Bright Angel cabin
Red Horse Cabin, at Bright Angel Lodge.

Bright Angel Lodge is a hotel complex at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.

A view looking north. Unkar Group units lying below the Isis Temple/Cheops Pyramid landforms: (3). Shinumo Quartzite cliffs (lower part shown on top of photo), above (2). Hakatai Shale (red-orange-purple slopes), above (1). Bass Formation(finely-layered, dark slopes), sitting on top of (base units). Vishnu Basement Rocks (black stratum) within the Granite Gorge and side canyons.

Grand Canyon Supergroup

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A view looking north. Unkar Group units lying below the Isis Temple/Cheops Pyramid landforms: (3). Shinumo Quartzite cliffs (lower part shown on top of photo), above (2). Hakatai Shale (red-orange-purple slopes), above (1). Bass Formation(finely-layered, dark slopes), sitting on top of (base units). Vishnu Basement Rocks (black stratum) within the Granite Gorge and side canyons.
Three sections of Grand Canyon geology
Buried & dipped sections of the 8 named sections of the Grand Canyon Supergroup.
Stromatolite example
Basalt dike in orange-red Hakatai Shale along Colorado River at Hance Rapid, river mile 76.5, Grand Canyon.
Isis Temple and Cheops Pyramid on a fault-block (horst), sitting on "island" of Shinumo Quartzite, unit 3 of the Unkar Group. Bottom 3 units of Unkar above Granite Gorge, and Vishnu Basement Rocks. (3.5 mi by 2.0 mi block)
At Apollo Temple landform, the Cambrian Tapeats Sandstone lies above the angular Great Unconformity with strata of the 3) – Chuar Group, the striped 2) – Nankoweap Formation, the dark 1–5) – Cardenas Basalt and red 1–4) – Dox Formation below. (The lower strata are dipping to the right (east), as well as a total regional-dip to the northeast.)

The Grand Canyon Supergroup is a Mesoproterozoic to a Neoproterozoic sequence of sedimentary strata, partially exposed in the eastern Grand Canyon of Arizona.

Navajo Nation

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Native American reservation in the United States.

Native American reservation in the United States.

Map of the Navajo Nation shown within the Four Corners region of the Soutwestern United States
Aerial view looking south across Arizona's Painted Desert with part of the Navajo Reservation in the foreground
Border changes and expansions of the Navajo Reservation from 1868 to 1934
1904 photograph of a young Navajo man
, the "Window Rock"
Vice President Myron Lizer, Congressman Tom O'Halleran and President Jonathan Nez in 2020
Navajo Nation Council Chamber, a National Historic Landmark
Navajo Woman at a waterfall circa 1920
Map showing populated places on the Navajo Nation and surrounding area
Navajo. Seven riders on horseback and dog trek against background of canyon cliffs. Edward S. Curtis (1904)
Navajo girl Canyon de Chelly, (1941) Ansel Adams
The Ned A Hataałi Center at Diné College's Tsaile campus
Navajo woman and child, c. 1880–1910
Number of sheep (Dibé) present on the Navajo Nation
Sheep remain an important aspect of Navajo culture and economy.
Narbona Pass Chuska Mountains

Situated on the Navajo Nation are Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Monument Valley, Rainbow Bridge National Monument, the Shiprock monadnock, and the eastern portion of the Grand Canyon.

Bright Angel Trail head on the south rim.

Bright Angel Trail

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Hiking trail located in Grand Canyon National Park in the U.S. state of Arizona.

Hiking trail located in Grand Canyon National Park in the U.S. state of Arizona.

Bright Angel Trail head on the south rim.
Indian Garden (bright green riparian patch in the middle-far distance) and Three Mile Resthouse (right foreground) along Bright Angel Trail
Indian Garden Campground
Ralph Cameron

The trail originates at Grand Canyon Village on the south rim of the Grand Canyon, descending 4380 feet to the Colorado River.

Bright Angel trail

Ralph H. Cameron

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American businessman, prospector and politician who served as both Arizona Territory's Delegate to Congress and as an Arizona United States Senator.

American businessman, prospector and politician who served as both Arizona Territory's Delegate to Congress and as an Arizona United States Senator.

Bright Angel trail
Ida May Spaulding Cameron with daughter Catherine (c. 1921)
Territorial Delegate Ralph Cameron
Signing of Arizona Statehood Bill. Territorial Delegate Cameron standing to left of President Taft
1914 campaign handbill
Senator Ralph Cameron (c. 1921)
Senator Ralph H. Cameron (c. 1924)

On the business front, Cameron was active early in efforts to develop the Grand Canyon in what is now viewed as a classic example of "rent seeking".

Cohonina

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The Cohonina peoples inhabited the north-western area of Arizona, to the west of the Grand Canyon in the United States.

Glen Canyon Dam

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Concrete arch-gravity dam on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, United States, near the town of Page.

Concrete arch-gravity dam on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, United States, near the town of Page.

Panorama of Glen Canyon Dam showing Lake Powell, Glen Canyon Dam and Carl Hayden Visitor Center.
A boater on the river in Glen Canyon before damming, circa 1898.
Map showing locations of major dams in the Colorado River Basin, with Glen Canyon near the center of the basin.
Echo Park, looking south with the Yampa River (left) joining the Green River. The USBR proposed damming the Green a short distance downstream, behind the large cliff (Steamboat Rock) at right.
Near Music Temple in Glen Canyon during the 1870s
Glen Canyon damsite from the air in November 1957, prior to construction of the Glen Canyon Bridge
Architectural plans for the Glen Canyon Dam and ancillary structures
Glen Canyon Dam under construction, 1962
Lake Powell filling underway, 1965
Glen Canyon Dam releasing floodwater in 1984, testing repairs of the spillways which were heavily damaged in 1983.
The right spillway gates during 1983 flood, showing flashboards that were installed to increase the water level
Low water levels on Lake Powell in April 2006, seen from Hole in the Rock. The water is 107 ft below the top of the "bathtub ring" along the reservoir shore.
An aerial view of Glen Canyon Dam from upstream, showing the spillways to lower left and right, the Glen Canyon Bridge and the electric switchyard to the right of the bridge.
Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell
Francis turbine runner on display
A generator being repaired with rotor removed
View of the power plant and grass lawn
Inside the turbine hall at the Glen Canyon Power Plant
View of the Colorado immediately downstream of Glen Canyon Dam (right). The green, clear water is caused by the dam trapping sediment, which would naturally cause the river to have a reddish-brown color.
The Colorado River is now much calmer and colder than before the dam was built.
River outlet works are open during high flow experiment in December 2012.
Map of Lake Powell and the Glen Canyon NRA
Chart showing daily water volume observations for Lake Powell, from Jun 28, 1963 to October 11, 2021
Lake Powell surface area shrinkage

The dam is named for Glen Canyon, a series of deep sandstone gorges now flooded by the reservoir; Lake Powell is named for John Wesley Powell, who in 1869 led the first expedition to traverse the Colorado River's Grand Canyon by boat.

Grand Canyon Visitor Center on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, and the Coconino Plateau beyond – in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.

Coconino Plateau

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Grand Canyon Visitor Center on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, and the Coconino Plateau beyond – in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.

The Coconino Plateau is found south of the Grand Canyon and north-northwest of Flagstaff, in northern Arizona of the Southwestern United States.

Southwestern United States

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Geographic and cultural region of the United States that generally includes Arizona, New Mexico, and adjacent portions of California, Colorado, Nevada, Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah.

Geographic and cultural region of the United States that generally includes Arizona, New Mexico, and adjacent portions of California, Colorado, Nevada, Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah.

Panoramic view of the southwestern United States
The Chihuahuan desert terrain mainly consists of basins broken by numerous small mountain ranges.
Saguaro cactus in the Sonoran Desert.
The Delicate Arch at Arches National Park
Four Corners Monument
Ancestral Puebloans ruins at Chaco Canyon
Map of Paleo-Indians in the American Southwest and Mexico
Oraibi pueblo
Narváez expedition (1528–36)
1846 map: Mexican Alta California (Upper California) in pink.
United States 1849–1850
United States 1850–1853
1860 Colorado Territory map
Utah Territory evolution 1850–1868
Confederate Arizona (outlined in blue)
Split of Arizona and New Mexico territories, in 1866, after small portion ceded to Nevada
The second transcontinental railroad: the "Santa Fe Route" – 1891.
Sandia Peak Ski Area, New Mexico
Map of the Southwestern United States as defined by the Learning Center of the American Southwest
The Wigwam. A dwelling used by various Native American tribes among the Southwestern US.
Fanciful drawing by Marguerite Martyn in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of October 21, 1906, headed "Passing of the Country Store in the Southwest"
A Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia)
The High Plains in Eastern New Mexico, but also located in Eastern Colorado and West Texas
Desert bighorn sheep
Sonoran Desert terrain near Tucson
Chihuahuan Desert terrain near Carlsbad
Monument Canyon, some of the high desert lands found in Colorado
Grand Canyon from the South Rim
White Sands National Park, New Mexico
Little Finland in Gold Butte National Monument, Nevada
Runningback Josh Jacobs of the Las Vegas Raiders NFL team
T. J. McFarland pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks professional baseball team.
1. Phoenix (also the largest MSA)
2. El Paso (5th largest MSA)
3. Las Vegas (2nd largest MSA)
4. Albuquerque (also the 4th largest MSA)
5. Tucson (3rd largest MSA)

The most dramatic example is the Grand Canyon.