A report on Venezuela, Guyana and Guayana Esequiba

Striped, the area claimed by Venezuela.
Guayana Esequiba in light green with the rest of Guyana in dark green; Venezuela shown in orange
The German Welser Armada exploring Venezuela.
Kaieteur Falls is the world's largest single-drop waterfall by volume.
A 1625 map by Hessel Gerritsz, showing Dutch territory (in yellow) ranging from the Orinoco River to the Amazon River
Ruins of Fort Kyk-Over-Al, constructed by the Dutch in 1616
El Libertador, Simón Bolívar.
Rupununi Savannah
A 1775 map of the Americas by Rigobert Bonne.
Revolution of 19 April 1810, the beginning of Venezuela's independence, by Martín Tovar y Tovar
Satellite image of Guyana from 2004
The map of Dutch colonies of Essequibo and Demerara in 1798.
The signing of Venezuela's independence, by Martín Tovar y Tovar.
Anomaloglossus beebei (Kaieteur), specific to the Guianas
An 1840 map of Gran Colombia including the Esequibo region.
Flag of Venezuela between 1954 and 2006.
The hoatzin is the national bird of Guyana.
1896 map detailing British Guiana and the disputes surrounding the Schomburgk Line
Rómulo Betancourt (president 1945–1948 / 1959–1964), one of the major democracy leaders of Venezuela.
A tractor in a rice field on Guyana's coastal plain
Official Map of the United States of Venezuela by L. Robelin 1890, which shows the Venezuelan historical claim to the region.
Table where the Puntofijo Pact was signed on 31 October 1958
A proportional representation of Guyana exports, 2019
Punch cartoon after the conclusion of the Tribunal of Arbitration. PEACE AND PLENTY. Lord Salisbury (chuckling). "I like arbitration — In the PROPER PLACE!"
Sabana Grande district, Caracas (1973)
Thatched roof houses in Guyana
Map of Guyana, showing the Essequibo River and (shaded dark) the river's drainage basin. Venezuela claims territory up to the western bank of the river. The historical claim by the UK included the river basin well into current-day Venezuela.
President Carlos Andrés Pérez was impeached on corruption charges in 1993.
Guyana's population density in 2005 (people per km2)
Map of Venezuela, showing the maritime areas in blue and Guayana Esequiba in gray.
Chávez with fellow South American presidents Néstor Kirchner of Argentina and Lula da Silva of Brazil
A graph showing the population of Guyana from 1961 to 2003. The population decline in the 1980s can be clearly seen.
Nicolás Maduro with Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff at the 48th Mercosur Summit in Brazil in 2015.
The State House, Guyana's presidential residence
Maduro was inaugurated for a contested and controversial second term on 10 January 2019.
The Supreme Court of Guyana
Topographic map of Venezuela
Guyana's parliament building since 1834
Venezuela map of Köppen climate classification
Map of Guyana, showing the Essequibo River and (shaded dark) the river's drainage basin. Venezuela claims territory up to the western bank of the river. The historical claim by the UK included the river basin well into current-day Venezuela.
The national animal of Venezuela is the troupial (Icterus icterus),
Cross-border bridge from Guyana to Brazil near Lethem
Valencia Lake, formerly praised by Alexander von Humboldt for its beauty, is massively polluted due to the countless sewage systems pouring residuals.
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St George's Cathedral, Georgetown
Bolívar Peak, the highest mountain in Venezuela
Providence Stadium as seen from the East Bank Highway
Los Llanos, Apure state
Valle de Mifafí, Mérida State
Médanos de Coro National Park, Falcón State
National Assembly of Venezuela building
Protests in Altamira, Caracas (2014)
The Guayana Esequiba claim area is a territory administered by Guyana and historically claimed by Venezuela.
President Maduro among other Latin American leaders participating in a 2017 ALBA gathering
A Sukhoi Su-30MKV of the Venezuelan Air Force
Map of the Venezuelan federation
A proportional representation of Venezuela exports, 2019
Líder Mall, one of the main shopping centers in Caracas
Ángel falls one of Venezuela's top tourist attractions, the world highest waterfall
Empty shelves in a store in Venezuela due to shortages in 2014
Venezuela's exports of crude oil from January 2018 to December 2019
A map of world oil reserves according to OPEC, 2013. Venezuela has the world's largest oil reserves.
Caracas Metro in Los Jardines Station
The Venezuelan Academy of Language studies the development of the Spanish in the country.
University Hospital, Central University of Venezuela
Illiteracy rate in Venezuela based on data from UNESCO and the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) of Venezuela
The joropo, as depicted in a 1912 drawing by Eloy Palacios
Antonio Herrera Toro, self portrait 1880
The Guanaguanare dance, a popular dance in Portuguesa State
Venezuela national baseball team in 2015
Venezuela national football team, popularly known as the "Vinotinto"
Venezuelan diaspora in the world Venezuela + 1,000,000 + 100,000 + 10,000 + 1,000

Guayana Esequiba, sometimes also called Esequibo or Essequibo, is a disputed territory of 159500 km2 west of the Essequibo River that is administered and controlled by Guyana but claimed by Venezuela.

- Guayana Esequiba

The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana.

- Venezuela

Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east.

- Guyana

The Venezuelan government maintains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba.

- Venezuela

Shortly after independence, Venezuela began to take diplomatic, economic and military action against Guyana in order to enforce its territorial claim to the Guayana Esequiba.

- Guyana

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British Guiana

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British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies, which resides on the northern coast of South America.

British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies, which resides on the northern coast of South America.

Map of British Guiana in 1908
Illustration of the Demerara rebellion of 1823
British Guiana and its boundary lines, 1896
Stamp with a portrait of King George VI, 1938

Since 1966 it has been known as the independent nation of Guyana.

In 1840, the British Government assigned Robert Hermann Schomburgk to survey and mark out the western boundary of British Guiana with newly independent Venezuela.

Venezuela did not accept the Schomburgk Line, which placed the entire Cuyuni River basin within the colony.