A report on Guyana, Suriname and Indo-Caribbeans

Indo-Caribbeans in the 19th century celebrating the Indian culture in West Indies through dance and music.

A 19th-century lithograph by Theodore Bray showing workers harvesting sugarcane on a Caribbean plantation; on the right is the European overseer.

Kaieteur Falls is the world's largest single-drop waterfall by volume.

Maroon village, along Suriname River, 1955

Indian indentured laborers worked for decades for meagre wages in sugar cane plantations of the Dutch East Indies. This image from Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute shows two Indo-Caribbean people walking towards the house of a Dutch engineer in a Caribbean sugar cane plantation.

Many Caribbean islands celebrate traditional Indian festivals, such as Diwali, as shown in this Divali Nagar decorations from Trinidad and Tobago.

The 26-meter Hanuman murti in Carapichaima, a noted centre of Hindu and Indo-Trinidadian culture; it is the largest statue of Hanuman outside of India

Anomaloglossus beebei (Kaieteur), specific to the Guianas

Javanese immigrants brought as contract workers from the Dutch East Indies. Picture was taken between 1880 and 1900.

Central Vaidic Mandir in Georgetown, Guyana

The hoatzin is the national bird of Guyana.

Henck Arron, Beatrix and Johan Ferrier on 25 November 1975

A tractor in a rice field on Guyana's coastal plain

A proportional representation of Guyana exports, 2019

Guyana's population density in 2005 (people per km2)

A graph showing the population of Guyana from 1961 to 2003. The population decline in the 1980s can be clearly seen.

Brokopondo Reservoir surrounded by tropical rainforest

The State House, Guyana's presidential residence

The Coppename river, one of many rivers in the interior

Leatherback sea turtle on the beach near the village of Galibi

Disputed areas shown on the map of Suriname (left and right, gray areas)

Map of Guyana, showing the Essequibo River and (shaded dark) the river's drainage basin. Venezuela claims territory up to the western bank of the river. The historical claim by the UK included the river basin well into current-day Venezuela.

Suriname map of Köppen climate classification

Cross-border bridge from Guyana to Brazil near Lethem

The blue poison dart frog is endemic to Suriname.

A proportional representation of Suriname exports, 2019

Providence Stadium as seen from the East Bank Highway

The population of Suriname from 1961 to 2003, in units of 1000. The slowdown and decline in population growth ~1969–1985 reflects a mass migration to the Netherlands and French Guiana.

Synagogue and mosque adjacent to each other in Paramaribo

Butcher in the Central Market in Paramaribo with signs written in Dutch

Central Suriname Nature Reserve seen from the Voltzberg

The Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul in Paramaribo

It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, and Brazil to the south.

- Suriname

Most Indo-Caribbean people live in the English-speaking Caribbean nations, the Dutch-speaking Suriname and the French overseas departments of Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana, with smaller numbers in other Caribbean countries and, following further migration, in North America and Europe.

- Indo-Caribbeans

Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east.

- Guyana

In fact, the first two shiploads of Indians arrived in British Guiana (modern-day Guyana) on May 5, 1838, on board the Whitby and Hesperus.

- Indo-Caribbeans

The largest ethnic group is the Indo-Guyanese (also known as East Indians), the descendants of indentured labourers from the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan, who make up 43.5% of the population, according to the 2002 census.

- Guyana

Hindus formed the second-largest religious group in Suriname, comprising 18.8% of the population, the third largest proportion of any country in the Western Hemisphere after Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago, both of which also have large proportions of Indians.

- Suriname

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Caribbean

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Region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

Map of Caribbean region, including dependencies

A Cuban PT-76 tank crew performing routine security duties in Angola during the Cuban intervention into the country

Tropical monsoon climate in San Andrés island, Caribbean, Colombia.

Köppen climate map of the islands of the Caribbean.

A field in Pinar del Rio planted with Cuban tobacco

Puerto Rico's south shore, from the mountains of Jayuya

A church cemetery perched in the mountains of Guadeloupe

A view of Nevis island from the southeastern peninsula of Saint Kitts

Spanish Caribbean Islands in the American Viceroyalties 1600

Political evolution of Central America and the Caribbean from 1700 to present

The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 16th century

Cayo de Agua, Los Roques Archipelago, Venezuela

Palancar Beach in Cozumel Island, Mexico

Agostino Brunias. Free Women of Color with Their Children and Servants in a Landscape Brooklyn Museum

Asian Indians in the late nineteenth century singing and dancing in Trinidad and Tobago

Havana Cathedral (Catholic) in Cuba completed in 1777

Holy Trinity Cathedral, an Anglican Christian cathedral in Trinidad and Tobago

Temple in the Sea, a Hindu mandir in Trinidad and Tobago

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Memorial Masjid, a Muslim masjid in Trinidad and Tobago

Flag of the Caribbean Common Market and Community (CARICOM)

Doubles, one of the national dishes of Trinidad and Tobago

Arroz con gandules, one of the national dishes of Puerto Rico

thumb|Counter-attack by Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces supported by T-34 tanks near Playa Giron during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, 19 April 1961.

thumb|A Marine heavy machine gunner monitors a position along the international neutral corridor in Santo Domingo, 1965.

thumb|A Soviet-made BTR-60 armored personnel carrier seized by US forces during Operation Urgent Fury (1983)

thumb|US Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, Bell AH-1 Cobra and Bell OH-58 Kiowa helicopters on deck of the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69) off Haiti, 1994.

Epiphytes (bromeliads, climbing palms) in the rainforest of Dominica.

A green and black poison frog, Dendrobates auratus

Costus speciosus, a marsh plant, Guadeloupe.

An Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) in Martinique.

Crescentia cujete, or calabash fruit, Martinique.

Thalassoma bifasciatum (bluehead wrasse fish), over Bispira brunnea (social feather duster worms).

Two Stenopus hispidus (banded cleaner shrimp) on a Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge).

A pair of Cyphoma signatum (fingerprint cowry), off coastal Haiti.

The Martinique amazon, Amazona martinicana, is an extinct species of parrot in the family Psittacidae.

Anastrepha suspensa, a Caribbean fruit fly.

Hemidactylus mabouia, a tropical gecko, in Dominica Edited by: Taniya Brooks.

Precolombian languages of the Antilles.Ciboney Taíno, Classic Taíno, and Iñeri were Arawakan, Karina and Yao were Cariban. Macorix, Ciguayo and Guanahatabey are unclassified.

The Battle of the Saintes between British and French fleets in 1782, by Nicholas Pocock

The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 18th century

On the mainland, Belize, Nicaragua, the Caribbean region of Colombia, Cozumel, the Yucatán Peninsula, Margarita Island, and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Guayana Region in Venezuela, and Amapá in Brazil) are often included due to their political and cultural ties with the region.

Asians, especially those of Chinese, Indian descent, and Javanese Indonesians, form a significant minority in parts of the region.