A report on Sydney Parkinson, Joseph Banks and HMS Endeavour

Sir Joseph Banks, as painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1773

Earl of Pembroke, later HMS Endeavour, leaving Whitby Harbour in 1768. By Thomas Luny, dated 1790.

Silky monkey, illustration in Thomas Pennant's 1771 book Synopsis of Quadrupeds based on a painting by Parkinson.

A 1757 portrait of Banks with a botanical illustration, unknown artist, but attributed to Lemuel Francis Abbott or Johann Zoffany

Portrait of Otegoowgoow, son of a chief of the Bay of Islands. He has a comb in his hair, an ornament of green stone in his ear, and another of a fish's tooth round his neck. Drawing by Parkinson 1769 above, 1773 engraving below.

Satire on Banks titled "The Botanic Macaroni", by Matthew Darly, 1772: A macaroni was a pejorative term used for a follower of exaggerated continental fashion in the 18th century.

Tile on street depicting HMS Endeavour. Cooktown. 2005

Banks as painted by Benjamin West in 1773

Endeavour beached at its namesake river, Endeavour River, for repairs after her grounding on the Great Barrier Reef in 1770. By Johann Fritzsch, published 1786.

Route of Endeavour from the Torres Strait to Java, August and September 1770

Sir Joseph Banks (center), together with Omai (left) and Daniel Solander, painted by William Parry, circa 1775–76

A recovered cannon from Endeavour on display at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England

In The great South Sea Caterpillar, transform'd into a Bath Butterfly (1795), James Gillray caricatured Banks's investiture with the Order of the Bath as a result of his expedition.

HM Bark Endeavour Replica. Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney

Portrait of Banks by Thomas Phillips (1810) National Portrait Gallery, London

This 1812 print depicts Banks as president of the Royal Society, wearing the insignia of the Order of the Bath.

Joseph Banks, detail of a painting by William Parry, 1775

Sir Joseph Banks by Anne Seymour Damer, British Library

Banks' house was used for the offices of the Zoological Society of London.

Lee introduced Parkinson to Joseph Banks in 1767.

- Sydney Parkinson

Parkinson was employed by Joseph Banks to travel with him on James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific in 1768, in HMS Endeavour.

- Sydney Parkinson

Banks was appointed to a joint Royal Navy/Royal Society scientific expedition to the South Pacific Ocean on HMS Endeavour, 1768–1771.

- Joseph Banks

Banks funded eight others to join him: the Swedish naturalist Daniel Solander, the Finnish naturalist Herman Spöring (who also served as Banks' personal secretary and as a draughtsman), artists Sydney Parkinson and Alexander Buchan, and four servants from his estate: James Roberts, Peter Briscoe, Thomas Richmond, and George Dorlton.

- Joseph Banks

The new cabins provided around 2 m2 of floorspace apiece being allocated to Cook and the Royal Society representatives: naturalist Joseph Banks, Banks' assistants Daniel Solander and Herman Spöring, astronomer Charles Green, and artists Sydney Parkinson and Alexander Buchan.

- HMS Endeavour

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Portrait by Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, c. 1775, National Maritime Museum

James Cook

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British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular.

Elizabeth Cook, by William Henderson, 1830

Portrait of James Cook by William Hodges, who accompanied Cook on his second voyage

Illustration from the 1815 edition of Cook's Voyages, depicting Cook watching a human sacrifice in Tahiti c. 1773

James Cook's 1777 South-Up map of South Georgia, which he named after King George III

Marker at the shoreline of Kealakekua Bay near the spot Captain Cook was slain

The routes of Captain James Cook's voyages. The first voyage is shown in red, second voyage in green , and third voyage in blue . The route of Cook's crew following his death is shown as a dashed blue line.

Hawaiian ʻahuʻula (feather cloak) held by the Australian Museum

A 1775 chart of Newfoundland, made from James Cook's Seven Years' War surveyings

William Hodges' painting of HMS Resolution and HMS Adventure in Matavai Bay, Tahiti

Memorial to James Cook and family in St Andrew the Great, Cambridge

Statue of James Cook, Hyde Park, Sydney. The rear inscription reads: "Discovered this territory, 1770".

This acclaim came at a crucial moment for the direction of British overseas exploration, and it led to his commission in 1766 as commander of HMS Endeavour for the first of three Pacific voyages.

This was later changed to "Botanist Bay" and finally Botany Bay after the unique specimens retrieved by the botanists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander.

Sydney Parkinson was heavily involved in documenting the botanists' findings, completing 264 drawings before his death near the end of the voyage.