HTML and Related Topics

World Wide Web

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Information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet.

A global map of the Web Index for countries in 2014

This NeXT Computer was used by Sir Tim Berners-Lee at CERN and became the world's first Web server.

The World Wide Web functions as an application layer protocol that is run "on top of" (figuratively) the Internet, helping to make it more functional. The advent of the Mosaic web browser helped to make the web much more usable, to include the display of images and moving images (GIFs).

$Graphic representation of a minute fraction of the WWW, demonstrating hyperlinks$

A screenshot of a web page on Wikimedia Commons

Dynamic web page: example of server-side scripting (PHP and MySQL)

The inside and front of a Dell PowerEdge web server, a computer designed for rack mounting

Multiple web servers may be used for a high traffic website; here, Dell servers are installed together to be used for the Wikimedia Foundation.

The results of a search for the term "lunar eclipse" in a web-based image search engine

The original and still very common document type is a web page formatted in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

Håkon Wium Lie, chief technical officer of the Opera Software company and co-creator of the CSS web standards

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language such as HTML or XML (including XML dialects such as SVG, MathML or XHTML).

HTML5

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Markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web.

It is the fifth and final major HTML version that is a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation.

XHTML

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Part of the family of XML markup languages.

It mirrors or extends versions of the widely used HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the language in which Web pages are formulated.

JavaScript

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JavaScript, often abbreviated JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS.

The home page of a website displayed in a web browser

Web page

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Hypertext document on the World Wide Web.

The core element of a web page is a text file written in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that describes the content of the web page and includes references to other web resources.

Web server

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Computer software and underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP or its secure variant HTTPS.

The inside and front of a Dell PowerEdge server, a computer designed to be mounted in a rack mount environment. It is often used as a web server.

Multiple web servers may be used for a high traffic website.

Web server farm with thousands of web servers used for super-high traffic websites.

ADSL modem running an embedded web server serving dynamic web pages used for modem configuration.

First web proposal (1989) evaluated as "vague but exciting..."

The world's first web server, a NeXT Computer workstation with Ethernet, 1990. The case label reads: "This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!"

Sun's Cobalt Qube 3 – a computer server appliance (2002, discontinued)

PC clients connected to a web server via Internet

PC clients communicating via network with a web server serving static and dynamic content.

Directory listing dynamically generated by a web server.

Chart:
Market share of all sites for most popular web servers 2005–2021

Chart:
Market share of all sites for most popular web servers 1995–2005

These capabilities, along with the multimedia features of NCSA's Mosaic browser (also able to manage HTML FORMs in order to send data to web server) highlighted the potential of web technology for publishing and distributed computing applications.

Traditional browser arrangement: UI features above page content

Web browser

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Application software for accessing the World Wide Web or a local website.

Nicola Pellow and Tim Berners-Lee in 1992

Marc Andreessen, lead developer of Mosaic and Navigator, in 2007

Since the early 2000s, browsers have greatly expanded their HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and multimedia capabilities.

HTML element

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An HTML element is a type of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document component, one of several types of HTML nodes (there are also text nodes, comment nodes and others).