A report on Halabja massacre
Massacre of Kurdish people that took place on 16 March 1988, during the closing days of the Iran–Iraq War in Halabja, Iraq.
- Halabja massacre18 related topics with Alpha
Iran–Iraq War
11 linksProtracted armed conflict that began on 22 September 1980 with a full-scale invasion of Iran by neighbouring Iraq.
Protracted armed conflict that began on 22 September 1980 with a full-scale invasion of Iran by neighbouring Iraq.
While little known outside of Iran (unlike the later Halabja massacre), the Sardasht bombing (and future similar attacks) had a tremendous effect on the Iranian people's psyche.
Halabja
5 linksCity in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the capital of Halabja Governorate, located about 150 mi northeast of Baghdad and 9 mi from the Iranian border.
City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the capital of Halabja Governorate, located about 150 mi northeast of Baghdad and 9 mi from the Iranian border.
At 11:00 AM, On March 16, 1988, after two days of conventional artillery attacks, Iraqi planes dropped gas canisters on the town.
Anfal campaign
4 linksCounterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq in the late 1980s.
Counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq in the late 1980s.
This led to the poison gas attack on Halabja on 16 March 1988, during which 3,200–5,000 Kurdish people were killed, most of them civilians.
Kurds
2 linksIranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.
Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.
The campaign included the use of ground offensives, aerial bombing, systematic destruction of settlements, mass deportation, firing squads, and chemical attacks, including the most infamous attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja in 1988 that killed 5000 civilians instantly.
Saddam Hussein
3 linksIraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.
Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.
(see Halabja massacre) The attack occurred in conjunction with the 1988 al-Anfal Campaign designed to reassert central control of the mostly Kurdish population of areas of northern Iraq and defeat the Kurdish peshmerga rebel forces.
Kaveh Golestan
1 linksIranian photojournalist and artist.
Iranian photojournalist and artist.
In 1988 he took the first pictures of the aftermath of the Halabja chemical attack during the Iran–Iraq War.
Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988
2 linksUnited States Senate bill to punish Iraq for chemical weapons attacks on the Kurds at Halabja during the Iran–Iraq War.
United States Senate bill to punish Iraq for chemical weapons attacks on the Kurds at Halabja during the Iran–Iraq War.
In the Halabja poison gas attack of March 16–March 17, 1988, Iraqi government forces used chemical weapons against the Iraqi Kurdish town of Halabja - killing 3,200-5,000, most of them civilians.
Sarin
4 linksExtremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound.
Extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound.
March 1988: Halabja chemical attack; Over two days in March, the ethnic Kurdish city of Halabja in northern Iraq (population 70,000) was bombarded by Saddam Hussein's Iraqi Air Force jets with chemical bombs including sarin. An estimated 5,000 people died, almost all civilians.
Mustard gas
2 linksChemical compound belonging to a family of cytotoxic and blister agents known as mustard agents.
Chemical compound belonging to a family of cytotoxic and blister agents known as mustard agents.
Iraq against Kurds in the town of Halabja during the Halabja chemical attack
Iraqi Ground Forces
0 linksGround force component of the Iraqi Armed Forces.
Ground force component of the Iraqi Armed Forces.
The conflict is often compared to World War I, in that the tactics used closely mirrored those of the 1914–1918 war, including large scale trench warfare, manned machine-gun posts, bayonet charges, use of barbed wire across trenches and on no-mans land, human wave attacks by Iran, and Iraq's extensive use of chemical weapons (such as mustard gas) against Iranian troops and civilians as well as Iraqi Kurds.