A report on Heavy cavalry, Lance and Knight

Ottoman Sipahi heavy cavalry, c. 1550
Norman cavalry attacks the Anglo-Saxon shield wall at the Battle of Hastings as depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry. The lances are held with a one-handed over-the-head grip.
A 14th century depiction of the 13th century German knight Hartmann von Aue, from the Codex Manesse.
Early 16th-century French gendarmes, with complete plate armour and heavy lances
Lance head, Warring States period
A Norman knight slaying Harold Godwinson (Bayeux tapestry, c. 1070). The rank of knight developed in the 12th century from the mounted warriors of the 10th and 11th centuries.
Spanish Heavy Cavalry - Royal Armoury of Madrid, Spain
Warring States lance head (pi)
The battle between the Turks and Christian knights during the Ottoman wars in Europe
Alexander the Great on horseback
A lance head from the reenactment of the Eglinton Tournament (1839)
David I of Scotland knighting a squire
The oldest known relief of a heavily armoured cavalryman, from the Sasanian Empire, at Taq-i Bostan, near Kermanshah, Iran (4th century)
Drawing from The War Illustrated representing a Russian Don Cossack lancing a German infantryman.
The miles Christianus allegory (mid-13th century), showing a knight armed with virtues and facing the vices in mortal combat. The parts of his armour are identified with Christian virtues, thus correlating essential military equipment with the religious values of chivalry: The helmet is spes futuri gaudii (hope of future bliss), the shield (here the shield of the Trinity) is fides (faith), the armour is caritas (charity), the lance is perseverantia (perseverance), the sword is verbum Dei (the word of God), the banner is regni celestis desiderium (desire for the kingdom of heaven), the horse is bona voluntas (good will), the saddle is Christiana religio (Christian religion), the saddlecloth is humilitas (humility), the reins are discretio (discretion), the spurs are disciplina (discipline), the stirrups are propositum boni operis (proposition of good work), and the horse's four hooves are delectatio, consensus, bonum opus, consuetudo (delight, consent, good work, and exercise).
Northern Wei heavy cavalry
Russian lance "cavalry pike", type of 1910.
Tournament from the Codex Manesse, depicting the mêlée
A recreation of a medieval joust between heavily armoured knights at a modern Renaissance fair
Elements of a harness of the late style of Gothic plate armour that was a popular style in the mid 15th to early 16th century (depiction made in the 18th century)
Contemporary depiction in the Liber ad honorem Augusti, of Dipold of Acerra, an early 13th-century knight, when the knight was undisputed master of the battlefield
Page from King René's Tournament Book (BnF Ms Fr 2695)
Mongol heavy cavalry in battle (13th–14th century)
The Battle of Pavia in 1525. Landsknecht mercenaries with arquebus.
Christian the Younger of Brunswick in the armour of a cuirassier
Fortified house – a family seat of a knight (Schloss Hart by the Harter Graben near Kindberg, Austria)
A re-enactor dressed as a Winged Hussar, who served as the heavy cavalry of the Polish Commonwealth
The Battle of Grunwald between Poland-Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights in 1410
French cuirassiers, 19th century
Pippo Spano, the member of the Order of the Dragon
The English fighting the French knights at the Battle of Crécy in 1346
Miniature from Jean Froissart Chronicles depicting the Battle of Montiel (Castilian Civil War, in the Hundred Years' War)
A modern artistic rendition of a chevalière of the Late Middle Ages.
A battle of the Reconquista from the Cantigas de Santa Maria
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The Battle of Pavia in 1525. Landsknecht mercenaries with arquebus.

Although their equipment differed greatly depending on the region and historical period, heavy cavalry were generally mounted on large powerful warhorses, wore body armor, and armed with either lances, swords, maces, flails (disputed), battle axes, or war hammers; their mounts may also have been protected by barding.

- Heavy cavalry

Though best known as a military and sporting weapon carried by European knights and men-at-arms, the use of lances was widespread throughout Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa wherever suitable mounts were available.

- Lance

The term from the 17th century came to refer specifically to spears not thrown, used for thrusting by heavy cavalry, and especially in jousting.

- Lance

The specific military sense of a knight as a mounted warrior in the heavy cavalry emerges only in the Hundred Years' War.

- Knight

Among other advantages, stirrups provided greater balance and support to the rider, which allowed the knight to use a sword more efficiently without falling, especially against infantry adversaries.

- Heavy cavalry

Around 1350, square shields called bouched shields appeared, which had a notch in which to place the couched lance.

- Knight
Ottoman Sipahi heavy cavalry, c. 1550

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