A report on Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Liaoning

Persian miniature depicting Genghis Khan entering Beijing

Nearly 1100-year-old Iron Lion of Cangzhou

The Northern Yuan at its greatest extent

Tricolor Duck-Shaped Cup, Tang Dynasty, unearthed from Anxin County

Liaodong (Leao-Tong) in the early Qing, surrounded by the Willow Palisade. This map, published in 1734, was based on data collected by Jesuits in the early 18th century. The capital is in Shenyang (Chinyang); most other cities mentioned in Governor Zhang's report are shown as well

Mongolia plateau during early 17th century

The Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, Hebei, built in 1771 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.

Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia within the Qing dynasty, c. 1820

Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning Province

Langyashan (Wolf Tooth Mountain), in Yi County

Dalian, second largest city in Liaoning Province

Delegates of Inner Mongolia People's Congress shouting slogans

Section of the Great Wall of China at Jinshanling

Winter in Ulanbutan Grassland, Hexigten Banner

The Lingxiao Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei Province, built in AD 1045 during the Song dynasty

A KFC in Hohhot, the capital, with a bilingual street sign in Chinese and Mongolian

The Xumi Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei province, built in 636 AD during the Tang dynasty

Temple of the White Sulde of Genghis Khan in the town of Uxin in Inner Mongolia, in the Mu Us Desert. The worship of Genghis is shared by Chinese and Mongolian folk religion.

Sign of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Jade dragon of the Hongshan culture (4700 BC – 2900 BC) found in Ongniud, Chifeng

Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot

Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, Ar Horqin

Khitan people cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Aohan

Remains of the city Khara-Khoto built in 1032. Located in Ejin Khoshuu, Alxa Aimag

Maidari Juu temple fortress ({{zh|labels=no |c=美岱召 |p=měidài zhào}}) built by Altan Khan in 1575 near Baotou

Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575)

Da Zhao temple (also called Ikh Zuu) built by Altan Khan in 1579

Badekar Monastery (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian

Badain Jaran temple (1868) in western Inner Mongolia

Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756

Hebei borders the provinces of Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, Shandong to the southeast and Liaoning to the northeast, as well as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north.

- Hebei

Liaoning is also known in Chinese as "the Golden Triangle" from its shape and strategic location, with the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay and Bohai Sea) in the south, North Korea's North Pyongan and Chagang provinces in the southeast, Jilin to the northeast, Hebei to the southwest, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest.

- Liaoning

During the Warring States period, King Wuling (340–295 BC) of the state of Zhao based in what is now Hebei and Shanxi Provinces pursued an expansionist policy towards the region.

- Inner Mongolia

"Inner Mongolia": This region corresponded to most of modern Inner Mongolia and some neighbouring areas in Liaoning and Jilin provinces. The banners and tribes in this region came under six leagues (chuulghan): Jirim, Juuuda, Josutu, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Yekejuu.

- Inner Mongolia

8 related topics with Alpha

Northeast China

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Geographical region of China.

A wooden Bodhisattva statue, Jin dynasty, Shanghai Museum

Dalian Hotel at Zhongshan Square in Dalian

It usually corresponds specifically to the three provinces east of the Greater Khingan Range, namely Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, but historically is meant to also encompass the four easternmost prefectures of Inner Mongolia west of the Greater Khingan.

Historically, the area was also known as Liaoyang (from its capital at Liaoyang) under the Yuan; as Nurgan (from its capital at Tyr) under the Ming dynasty; and as Guanwai or Guandong, meaning "Lands beyond" or "Lands East of the Pass" in reference to the strategic Shanhai Pass between Hebei and Liaoning.

Manchuria

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Deprecated in the People's Republic China after 1949 due to its association with Manchurian nationalism and the breakaway of Manchukuo.

One of the earliest European maps using the term "Manchuria" (Mandchouria) (John Tallis, 1851). Previously, the term "Chinese Tartary" had been commonly applied in the West to Manchuria and Mongolia

Climate map of Manchuria or Northeast China.

Hailang River near Hailin City in Heilongjiang

A 12th-century Jurchen stone tortoise in today's Ussuriysk

The Three Kingdoms of Korea occupied roughly half of Manchuria, 5th century AD

The Mongol Yuan province of Liaoyang included northern Korea

Manchuria is the homeland of the Jurchens who became the Manchus.

A Jurchen man hunting from his horse, from a 15th-century ink-and-color painting on silk

The Manchu-led Qing dynasty circa 1820. Later Jin area in purple line

Map showing the original border (in pink) between Manchuria and Russia according to the Treaty of Nerchinsk 1689, and subsequent losses of territory to Russia in the treaties of Aigun 1858 (beige) and Peking 1860 (red)

Harbin's Kitayskaya Street (Russian for "Chinese Street"), now Zhongyang Street (Chinese for "Central Street"), before 1945

Map of the three provinces of Northeast China (1911) {{sfnp|EB|1911}}

Map of Manchukuo and its rail network, c.{{nbsp}}1945

Map with the historic extent of Manchuria. Inner Manchuria lies in Northeast China, colored in red. Outer Manchuria to the north and the part today in Inner Mongolia to the west are in lighter red.

(most often) Northeast China, specifically the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, but broadly also including the eastern Inner Mongolian prefectures of Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Tongliao, and Chifeng, and sometimes Xilin Gol;

Manchukuo (1932–1945), a puppet state of Imperial Japan. Its occupied territories included the entire Northeast China, the northern fringes of present-day Hebei Province, and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia.

Liao dynasty

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Imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people.

Khitan man in tomb painting in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia

Khitan tomb mural in Inner Mongolia – attendants holding a musical instrument, bow and arrows, boots, and a falcon

Liao or Jin dynasty (1115–1234) helmets and mask

Zhuoxie tu, a 10th-century painting of a rest stop for the khan

The King of Dongdan Goes Forth (東丹王出行圖), scroll, light colors on silk. 146.8 x 77.3 cm. National Palace Museum, Taipei. Attributed to Li Zanhua (李贊華 909–946), but possibly a later artist.

Khitans hunting with birds of prey, 9–10th centuries

Geyuan Temple Wenshu Hall built in 966 is the oldest extant Liao building

First conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War, 993

Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War, 1018

The Pagoda of Fogong Temple, built by Emperor Daozong of Liao in 1056 at the site of his grandmother's family home.

Gilt silver crown, excavated in 1986 from the tomb of Princess of Chen and her husband in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia.

Gilt bronze statue of the six-tusked elephant holding the throne of Puxian (Samantabhadra), the Bodhisattva of Universal Virtue, c. 1000 Liao dynasty

Epitaph of Xiao Guanyin, the wife of Emperor Daozong of Liao, in Khitan small script

Collapse of the Liao dynasty (1117–1124)

Depiction of Xiongnu cavalry in the Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute, commissioned by Emperor Gaozong of Song. While the subjects are the Xiongnu, the hairstyle depicted is distinctly Khitan, and likely based on northern steppe peoples contemporary to the Song.

Miniature model of a Khitan tent found in the Hadatu tomb in 1973

Fragment of a tomb mural showing a Khitan boy

Aguda, posthumously Emperor Taizu of Jin, founder of the Jurchen Jin dynasty

The Tianning Temple Pagoda, a Buddhist structure built at Liao Nanjing ("Southern Capital", modern Beijing) in 1120 during the last years of the Liao dynasty

Liao paiza authorizing an imperial decree with the utmost urgency

Liao seal with the Chinese inscription 臨潢府軍器庫之印 "Seal of the Armoury of Linhuang Prefecture"

Horse and Archer, believed to have been painted by Yelü Bei.

Liao silver coin in Khitan large script translated as "天朝萬順" (Heavenly Dynasty — Myriad [affairs are] Favourable).

The only extant manuscript in the Khitan language, Folio 9 of manuscript codex Nova N 176

Female funerary mask and crown from the Liao dynasty

A Liao dynasty polychrome wood-carved statue depicting Guanyin in the Water Moon pose, which raises the right knee and rests the right arm on top of it, symbolizing the divinity of the Pure land, Guanyin's personal paradise, which Guanyin puts off going to until s/he has saved humanity.

One of the famous set of lifesize Yixian glazed pottery luohans, sancai, early 12th century

Khitan hunters in a painting by Chen Juzhong, 1196

A brick stupa in the Khitan city of Hedong (Bars-Hot)

Luohan statue, Liao dynasty, 11th century

Liao era bronze figure of Gautama Buddha

Bronze Guanyin statue from the Chinese section of the Supreme Capital

Liao era painted wooden statue of Guanyin

Bronze statue of Guanyin, Liao dynasty, 10th century

Rebellion of Li Jinzhong and Sun Wanrong against the Tang dynasty in 696-697

Liao tomb mural showing Khitan men with banners, drums, and maces

By the time the Book of Wei was written in 554, the Khitans had formed a state in what is now China's Jilin and Liaoning Provinces.

At its height, the Liao dynasty controlled what is now Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia provinces in China, as well as northern portions of the Korean peninsula, portions of the Russian Far East, and much of the country of Mongolia.

Manchu people

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Officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.

Prince Zaitao dresses in modern reformed uniform of late Qing dynasty

"Banjin Inenggi" and Manchu linguistic activity by the government and students in Changchun, 2011

the cover of the Eight Manchu Banners' Surname-Clans' Book

A musketeer wearing a queue and formal hat

Han and Manchu clothing coexisted during Qing dynasty

Han Chinese general Zhang Zhiyuan wearing Qing military outfit.

Painting of the Qianlong Emperor hunting

Manchu wrestlers competed in front of the Qianlong Emperor

The performance of Manchu palace skaters on holiday

Manchu autonomous area in Liaoning.{{#tag:ref|Autonomous counties are shown in bright green. Counties with autonomous townships are in dark green, with the number of Manchu townshipin each county shown in red (or yellow). So are another 2 pictures|group=note}}

Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing have over 100,000 Manchu residents.

Map showing the Mongol autonomous subjects in the Greater China Area

Mongols in China

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Mongols in China or Mongolian Chinese are ethnic Mongols who were integrated into the nation-building of the Republic of China (1912–1949) after the fall of Qing Empire (1636–1911).

An ethnic Mongol Chinese musician performing Inner Mongolian style morin khuur

Most of them live in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Xinjiang and Qinghai.

11.52%: Liaoning Province

2.92%: Hebei Province

Rehe Province

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Former Chinese special administrative region and province.

In 1955, the administration of the People's Republic of China divided the area between Hebei province, Liaoning Province, Tianjin Municipality, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

The Ming dynasty Great Wall at Jinshanling

Great Wall of China

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Series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe.

Huayi tu, a 1136 map of China with the Great Wall depicted on the northern edge of the country

The Great Wall of the Qin stretches from Lintao to Liaodong

The Great Wall of the Han is the longest of all walls, from Mamitu near Yumenguan to Liaodong

The extent of the Ming Empire and its walls

Part of the Great Wall of China (April 1853, X, p. 41)

A more rural portion of the Great Wall that stretches through the mountains, here seen in slight disrepair

Identical satellite images of a section of the Great Wall in northern Shanxi, running diagonally from lower left to upper right and not to be confused with the more prominent river running from upper left to lower right. In the image on the right, the Great Wall has been outlined in red. The region pictured is 12 x.

Great Wall of Han dynasty near Yumenguan.

thumb|Remains of Beacon tower near Yumenguan, 2011

"The First Mound" – at Jiayu Pass, the western terminus of the Ming wall

The Juyongguan area of the Great Wall accepts numerous tourists each day

Environmental protection sign near Great Wall, 2011

Ming Great Wall at Simatai, overlooking the gorge

Mutianyu Great Wall. This is atop the wall on a section that has not been restored

The Old Dragon Head, the Great Wall where it meets the sea in the vicinity of Shanhai Pass

Dynasties founded by non-Han ethnic groups also built their border walls: the Xianbei-ruled Northern Wei, the Khitan-ruled Liao, Jurchen-led Jin and the Tangut-established Western Xia, who ruled vast territories over Northern China throughout centuries, all constructed defensive walls but those were located much to the north of the other Great Walls as we know it, within China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia and in modern-day Mongolia itself.

Even after the loss of all of Liaodong, the Ming army held the heavily fortified Shanhai Pass, preventing the Manchus from conquering the Chinese heartland.

About half of the sites are located in Inner Mongolia (31%) and Hebei (19%).

Map of China's prefectural level divisions

Administrative divisions of China

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The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area.

The Qing dynasty in 1820, with provinces in yellow, military governorates and protectorates in light yellow, tributary states in orange

The Constitution of China provides for five levels: the provincial (province, autonomous region, municipality, and special administrative region), the prefectural (prefecture-level city [officially "city with district-level divisions" (设区的市) and "city without district-level divisions" (不设区的市)], autonomous prefecture, prefecture [additional division] and league [the alternative name of “prefecture” which is used in Inner Mongolia]), county (district, county, county-level city [officially “city without district-level divisions”], autonomous county, banner [the alternative name of “county” which is used in Inner Mongolia], autonomous banner [the alternative name of “autonomous county” which is used in Inner Mongolia], special district [additional division], forestry area [additional division]) and township.

Dalian (Liaoning)

Prefecture-level city, for example, Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province