Henry Morton Stanley

"Dr. Livingstone, I presume?", an illustration from Stanley's 1872 book How I Found Livingstone

1872 Carte de visite – Stanley and Kalulu.

Henry M Stanley with the officers of the Advance Column, Cairo, 1890. From the left: Dr. Thomas Heazle Parke, Robert H. Nelson, Henry M. Stanley, William G. Stairs, and Arthur J. M. Jephson

Studio Portrait of Henry Morton Stanley, ca. 1890, published by L Herbst, Sydney

Henry Stanley and party standing on the back of an observation car at Monterey, California, 19 March 1891

Comparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913

Henry Morton Stanley's grave in Pirbright, Surrey

Welsh-American explorer, journalist, soldier, colonial administrator, author and politician who was famous for his exploration of Central Africa and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone, whom he later claimed to have greeted with the now-famous line: "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?".

- Henry Morton Stanley

404 related topics

Congo Free State

Large state and absolute monarchy in Central Africa from 1885 to 1908.

Leopold II, King of the Belgians and de facto owner of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908

Henry Morton Stanley, whose exploration of the Congo region at Leopold's invitation led to the establishment of the Congo Free State under personal sovereignty

Cartoon depicting Leopold II and other imperial powers at Berlin conference 1884

'La revue' of the Force Publique, Boma, capital city of the Congo Free State, 1899

The concessions and the Domaine de la Couronne. The infamous A.B.I.R. company is shown in dark red.

Cecil Rhodes attempted to expand the territory of the British South Africa Company northward into the Congo basin, presenting a problem for Leopold II.

Clearing tropical forests ate away at profit margins. However, ample plots of cleared land were already available. Above, a Congolese farming village (Baringa, Equateur) is emptied and leveled to make way for a rubber plantation.

Congolese labourers tapping rubber near Lusambo in Kasai.

A typical Force Publique regiment, circa 1900

A Congolese man, Nsala, looking at the severed hand and foot of his five-year-old daughter who was killed and allegedly cannibalized by members of the Force Publique in 1904.

Mutilated Congolese children, image from King Leopold's Soliloquy, Mark Twain's political satire, where the aging king complains that the incorruptible camera was the only witness he had encountered in his long experience that he could not bribe. The book was illustrated with photographs by John Hobbis Harris.

Cartoon by British caricaturist 'Francis Carruthers Gould' depicting King Leopold II, and the Congo Free State.

A 1906 Punch cartoon by Edward Linley Sambourne, depicting Leopold II as a snake entangling a Congolese man

Proclamation from Inspector-general Ghislain to the population of the Congo, announcing the annexation of the territory by Belgium in 1908

Equestrian statue of Leopold II at the Regent place in Brussels, Belgium

The Monument to General Storms in Brussels daubed in red paint, symbol of the blood of the Congolese people.

Congolese people working at the port of Leopoldville

Construction of a railroad by Congolese workers

Melting latex of rubber in the forest of Lusambo

Henry Morton Stanley, famous for making contact with British missionary David Livingstone in Africa in 1871, later explored the region during a journey that ended in 1877 and was described in Stanley's 1878 book Through the Dark Continent.

Emin Pasha Relief Expedition

One of the last major European expeditions into the interior of Africa in the nineteenth century, ostensibly to the relief of Emin Pasha, General Charles Gordon's besieged governor of Equatoria, threatened by Mahdist forces.

The steel boat Advance as depicted in In Darkest Africa by H.M. Stanley.

The expedition route between the Upper Congo river and Bagamoyo

The expedition was led by Henry Morton Stanley and came to be both celebrated for its ambition in crossing "darkest Africa", and notorious for the deaths of so many of its members and the disease unwittingly left in its wake.

New York Herald

Large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed between 1835 and 1924, when it was acquired by its smaller rival the New-York Tribune to form the New York Herald Tribune.

New York Herald Building (1908) by architect Stanford White. It was demolished in 1921

François Flameng (1856-1923), A winter evening in a crowded Herald Square at the New York Herald Building, oil on board 62.4 x 52.4 cm, signed l.r. and dated 1909. Provenance: Simonis & Buunk Fine Art, The Netherlands.

Minerva, the Bellringers, and Owls by Antonin Carles

In April 1867, Bennett turned over control of the paper to his son James Gordon Bennett Jr. Under James Jr., the paper financed Henry Morton Stanley's expeditions into Africa to find explorer David Livingstone, where they met on November 10, 1871.

Lake Tanganyika

African Great Lake.

Lake Tanganyika eastern Shore in Kagongo Ward, Kigoma Region, Tanzania

Clear water lake on Lake Tanganyika in Kagongo Ward, Kigoma Region, Tanzania

A biologist collecting samples in 2020 in the murky waters of Lake Tanganyika for a study on the diet adaptations of cichlid fishes to better understand their evolution and speciation.

One of the many Tanganyika cichlids is Neolamprologus brichardi. The complex behaviors of this species and its close relative N. pulcher have been studied in detail

The Tanganyika killifish (Lamprichthys tanganicanus) is the only member of its genus

The shell of the endemic thalassoid freshwater snail Tiphobia horei with its elaborate shape and spines.

Fishing Boat in Kagongo Ward, Kigoma District

Lake Tanganyika. The black line indicates Henry Morton Stanley's route.

Bathybatini (E): Bathybates ferox is benthic and piscivorous, but the genus also includes pelagic species. The tribe is sometimes split in three, others being Hemibatini and Trematocarini<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meyer, Matchiner, and Salburger| year=2015| title=Lake Tanganyika—A 'Melting Pot' of Ancient and Young Cichlid Lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae)?|journal=PLOS ONE| volume=10| issue=7| doi= 10.1371/journal.pone.0125043| pmid=25928886| page=e0125043| pmc=4415804| bibcode=2015PLoSO..1025043W| doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Weiss2015>{{Cite journal|last=Weiss, Cotterill, and Schliewen|year=2015|title=A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=83|pages=56–71|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|pmid=25433288|pmc=4334724}}</ref>

Benthochromini (E): Benthochromis horii was scientifically described in 2008, but has often been misidentifed as B. tricoti<ref>{{cite journal |title= Description of a new cichlid fish species of the genus Benthochromis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika |last1=Takahashi |journal= Journal of Fish Biology |volume= 72|issue=3 |pages= 603–613 |year=2008 |doi= 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x |first1=T.}}</ref>

Boulengerochromini (E): Boulengerochromis microlepis is one of the world's largest cichlids and only member of its tribe

Cyphotilapiini (E): Cyphotilapia frontosa, one of only two similar species in the tribe<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Takahashi |first1= T. |last2= Nakaya |first2= K. |year= 2003 |title= New species of Cyphotilapia (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, Africa |journal= Copeia |volume= 2003 |issue= 4 |pages= 824–832 |doi= 10.1643/ia03-148.1|s2cid= 83854866 }}</ref>

Cyprichromini (E): Cyprichromis microlepidotus and other members of this tribe are open-water planktivores<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Bigirimana, C. |date=2006 |title=Cyprichromis microlepidotus |volume=2006 |page=e.T60487A12363286 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60487A12363286.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=Smith1998>Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9-10. {{ISBN|0-7641-0615-5}}</ref>

Ectodini (E): Ophthalmotilapia nasuta (male) is sexually dimorphic, males being more colorful with longer fins and nose<ref>SeriouslyFish: Ophthalmotilapia nasuta. Retrieved 6 April 2017.</ref>

Eretmodini (E): Eretmodus cyanostictus lives near the bottom in the turbulent, coastal surf zone,<ref>{{FishBase | genus = Eretmodus | species = cyanostictus | month = April| year = 2017}}</ref> like other members of its tribe

Haplochromini: Astatotilapia burtoni is one of the few Tanganyika species, unlike other African Great Lakes where most belong to this tribe<ref name=Lowe2009>{{cite journal | last1 = Lowe-McConnell | first1 = R | year = 2009 | title = Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems | journal = Freshwater Reviews | volume = 2 | issue = 2| pages = 131–151 | doi=10.1608/frj-2.2.2| s2cid = 54011001 }}</ref>

Lamprologini (E): Julidochromis marlieri is popular in the aquarium trade where members of the genus are known as "Julies"<ref>SeriouslyFish: Julidochromis marlieri. Retrieved 6 April 2017.</ref>

Limnochromini (E): Gnathochromis permaxillaris is a zooplanktivore with an unusual protractile mouth<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Bigirimana, C. |date=2006 |title=Gnathochromis permaxillaris |volume=2006 |page=e.T60493A12364587 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60493A12364587.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

Perissodini (E): Perissodus microlepis, a specialized scale-eating species<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Stewart | first1 = T.A. | last2 = Albertson | first2 = R.C. | year = 2010 | title = Evolution of a unique predatory feeding apparatus: functional anatomy, development and a genetic locus for jaw laterality in Lake Tanganyika scale-eating cichlids | journal = BMC Biology | volume = 8 | issue = 1| page = 8 | doi = 10.1186/1741-7007-8-8 | pmid = 20102595 | pmc = 2828976 }}</ref>

Tilapiini: Oreochromis tanganicae is one of the most common coastal species found in local fish markets<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Ntakimazi, G. |date=2006 |title=Oreochromis tanganicae |volume=2006 |page=e.T60625A12387918 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60625A12387918.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

Tropheini (E): Tropheus moorii ("red" Chimba morph) is highly variable and the taxonomy of some of the morphs is questionable<ref>Begon, M.; and A.H. Fitter (1995). Advances in Ecological Research, vol. 26, p. 203. {{ISBN|0-12-013926-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Salzburger | last2 = Niederstätter | last3 = Brandstätter | last4 = Berger | last5 = Parson | last6 = Snoeks | last7 = Sturmbauer | year = 2006 | title = Colour-assortative mating among populations of Tropheus moorii, a cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa | journal = Proc Biol Sci | volume = 273 | issue = 1584| pages = 257–266 | doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3321 | pmid=16543167 | pmc=1560039}}</ref><ref>Toman, R. (1995). Tropheus Evolution In Lake Tanganyika. Cichlidworld. Retrieved 7 April 2017.</ref>

"Tanganika" was the name of the lake that Henry Morton Stanley encountered when he was at Ujiji in 1876.

James Gordon Bennett Jr.

Publisher of the New York Herald, founded by his father, James Gordon Bennett Sr. (1795–1872), who emigrated from Scotland.

On the Yacht "Namouna", Venice, by Stewart. Bennett is center left, in the white suit. Lillie Langtry is the woman seated, right (1890)

Yachting on the Mediterranean, by Stewart (1896)

Bennett as painted by Julian Story (1904)

The 1906 Gordon Bennett Cup in Ballooning (1906)

He sponsored explorers including Henry Morton Stanley's trip to Africa to find David Livingstone, and the ill-fated USS Jeannette attempt on the North Pole.

Denbigh

Market town and a community in Denbighshire, Wales.

Denbigh c.1778 from Thomas Pennant's A Tour in Wales

Denbigh painted by a travelling French artist c.1830

Sir Henry Morton Stanley, a journalist and explorer

Leopold II of Belgium

The second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 and, personally, the owner and dictatorial ruler of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908.

Leopold as a younger man in the uniform of the Grenadiers (Portrait by Nicaise de Keyser)

Leopold II at his accession to the throne

The Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark memorial arcade and museums in Brussels, commissioned by Leopold II

Cartoon depicting Leopold II laying the first stone of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Brussels

Cartoon depicting Leopold II and other imperial powers at the Berlin conference of 1884

A father stares at the hand and foot of his five-year-old daughter, severed as a punishment for having harvested too little rubber.

A 1906 Punch cartoon by Edward Linley Sambourne depicting Leopold II as a rubber snake entangling a Congolese rubber collector.

Leopold II's funeral procession passes the unfinished Royal Palace of Brussels, 22 December 1909

Statue in Kinshasa, which is no longer on display.

He used Henry Morton Stanley to help him lay claim to the Congo, the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Kinshasa

Capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and largest francophone city in the world.

View of Léopoldville station and port (1884)

Down at the banks of the Congo River in Ngaliema commune

Kinshasa Districts Communes and Quarters (2021)

Statue of Lumumba, and behind it the Limete Tower

Office of the Agence Congolaise de Presse (ACP)

The People's Palace, seat of the Congolese parliament

The Boulevard du 30 Juin provides an artery to the business district in Gombe, Kinshasa.

A memorial at Kinshasa train station remembering those who died during the construction of the railroad

Église Sainte-Anne de Kinshasa (Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Église Francophone CBCO Kintambo (Baptist Community of Congo)

The city was established as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881.

Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Port town on the Congo River, some 100 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean, in the Kongo Central province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, adjacent to the border with Angola.

A stamp of the Congo Free State, used in Boma around 1900

Authorities at the end of the pier, Boma, 1899

The nine old kings of Boma (phot. H. A. Shanu, 1898), Royal Museum for Central Africa

Fort de Shinkakasa – fortification on the Congo River near Boma

Church of Boma, which still exists; oldest in the country

Residence of the Governor-General in Boma

Henry Morton Stanley's map of the area during his expedition down the Congo River

British explorer Henry Morton Stanley arrived here on 9 August 1877, after crossing Africa from east to west.

Order of Leopold (Belgium)

One of the three current Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood.

Order of Leopold (Civil Grand Cordon set of insignia)

Leopold I, first King of the Belgians, Founder and First Grand Master of the Order.

Uniform of HM Albert I, Royal Collection of Belgium

Count Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Grand Cordon

Cartoon depicting king Leopold II of the Belgians who is throwing medals to crowd

1/ Grand Cordon Star - civil and military divisions (left), Grand Cordon sash (middle), Grand Officer plaques - civil and maritime divisions (right). Bottom part: Commander's Cross (civil division), officer's cross (military division), officer's cross (civil division), officer's cross (maritime division), knight's cross (military division) (courtesy Société de l'Ordre de Léopold)

Order of Leopold Grand Cordon in case, from the reign of Albert I.

Knights class with swords (Chevalier Militaire).

Officer class with swords (Officier Militaire).

Commander class with swords (Commandeur Militaire).

Grand Cordon breast star from the reign of Albert I.

Collar of the Order, heraldic depiction.

Grand Cordon sash and badge, with swords.

His successors continued to bestow the Order; among the thousands of recipients are some famous people like Porfirio Díaz, Pope Leo XIII, Mohamed Ennaceur, Pierre-Jean De Smet, Eugène Scribe, Alfred Belpaire, Victor Horta, Joseph Geefs, Gustave Van de Woestijne, Raymond Poincaré, Constant Permeke, Henry Morton Stanley, Lou Tseng-Tsiang, Amschel Mayer Rothschild, Emile Claus, Fernand Khnopff, Paul Saintenoy, Joseph Jongen, Eugène Ysaÿe, Alfred Bastien, William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Antonio López de Santa Anna, Thomas Vinçotte, Mgr.