A report on Henry Percy (Hotspur)

The pennon of Sir Henry Percy captured by James Douglas, Earl of Douglas

Statue of Harry Hotspur in Alnwick, Northumberland, unveiled in 2010

Shortly after Henry died in battle, his uncle was executed. An attainder was issued and the family's property, including Wressle Castle in Yorkshire, was confiscated by the Crown.

Warkworth Castle, the home of Henry Percy

English knight who fought in several campaigns against the Scots in the northern border and against the French during the Hundred Years' War.

- Henry Percy (Hotspur)

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Death of Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy, from a 1910 illustration by Richard Caton Woodville Jr.

Battle of Shrewsbury

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Battle of Shrewsbury, an illustration from Pennant's 'A tour in Wales', 1781

The Battle of Shrewsbury was a battle fought on 21 July 1403, waged between an army led by the Lancastrian King Henry IV and a rebel army led by Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy from Northumberland.

King Henry IV, Part I: The King to the Prince of Wales: "Thou shalt have charge and sovereign trust herein.", (Act III, Scene ii), by Edwin Austin Abbey (1905)

Henry IV, Part 1

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History play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written no later than 1597.

John Farmanesh-Bocca as Prince Hal in the Carmel Shakespeare Festival production of Henry IV, Part 1 in 2002

"Henry IV", Part I, Act I, Scene 3, Hotspur and the Fop, by Samuel John Egbert Jones (1828)

Dispute between Hotspur, Glendower, Mortimer and Worcester (from William Shakespeare's 'Henry IV Part I') by
Henry Fuseli, (1784)

An 1829 watercolour by Johann Heinrich Ramberg of Act II, Scene iv: Falstaff enacts the part of the king.

"Henry IV", Part I, Act V, Scene 4, Falstaff and the Dead Body of Hotspur, Robert Smirke (n.d.)

The second edition of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande, printed in 1587.

The first page of Henry the Fourth, Part I, printed in the First Folio of 1623

The Dering Manuscript in the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C.

"Rise from the ground like feathered Mercury/ And vaulted with such ease into his seat/ As if an angel dropp'd down from the clouds/ To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus/ And witch the world with noble horsemanship." Act IV, Scene i, Hal's transformation, William Blake 1809

The title page from the first quarto edition of the play, printed in 1599.

In Act III sc. 1, Hotspur, promised all of England north of the Trent, proposes diverting the river southwards to give him a still greater share. The plan highlights his destructive and argumentative nature.

A photograph of John Jack as Falstaff in a late 19th-century performance of the play.

Henry IV, Part 1 depicts a span of history that begins with Hotspur's battle at Homildon Hill in Northumberland against Douglas late in 1402, and ends with the defeat of the rebels at the Battle of Shrewsbury in the middle of 1403.

Henry IV of England

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Henry IV (c.

Henry of Bolingbroke, flanked by the lords spiritual and temporal, claims the throne in 1399. From a contemporary manuscript, British Library, Harleian Collection

The coronation of Henry IV of England, from a 15th-century manuscript of Jean Froissart's Chronicles

Silver half-groat of Henry IV, York Museums Trust

Manuel II Palaiologos (left) with Henry IV (right) in London, December 1400

Henry IV and Joan of Navarre, detail of their effigies in Canterbury Cathedral

16th-century imaginary painting of Henry IV, National Portrait Gallery, London

As king, Henry faced a number of rebellions, most famously those of Owain Glyndŵr, the self-proclaimed ruler of Wales, and the English knight Henry Percy (Hotspur), who was killed in the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403.

Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland

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The son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, and a descendant of Henry III of England.

Alnwick Castle, held by Henry Percy, possible birthplace of his son "Harry Hotspur"

Canting arms of Lucy of Cockermouth Castle: Gules, three lucies hauriant argent

After Richard elevated his rival Ralph Neville to the position of Earl of Westmorland in 1397, Percy and his son, also Henry and known as "Hotspur", supported the rebellion of Henry Bolingbroke, who became King as Henry IV.

Owain Glyndŵr

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Owain ap Gruffydd (c.

The home of Owain Glyndwr, Sycharth. Now only a large mound remains after the building was burnt down by then Prince Henry in 1403.

Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament at Machynlleth, illustration from 'Hutchinson's History of the Nations', 1915

Rear of the Parliament House in Machynlleth

Y Ddraig Aur (The Gold Dragon), c. 1400 – c. 1416, the royal standard of Owain Glyndŵr, Prince of Wales, famously raised over Caernarfon during the Battle of Tuthill in 1401 against the English. It is evident in Glyndŵr's privy seals that his gold dragon had two legs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nathenamin.com/2011/11/08/history-of-welsh-flags/|website=nathanamin.com|title=Flags of Wales}}</ref>

$Banner of Owain Glyndŵr. {{efn|Arms: Quarterly or and gules, four lions rampant armed and langued azure counterchanged, also used by the House of Aberffraw.<ref name=flag>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/flag_owainglyndwr.shtml|website=bbc.co.uk| title=Banner of Owain Glyndwr}}</ref>}}$

Digitalized Owain Glyndŵr banner on a shield.

Glyndwr's Coats of Arms; from A Tour in Wales by Thomas Pennant (1726–1798) that chronicle the three journeys he made through Wales between 1773 and 1776.

Owain Glyndŵr arms used as a sign for a hotel at Pale hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.palehall.co.uk/glyndwr-country/#iLightbox[blog-37-gallery]/2|website =palehall. co.uk|title=Pale Hall hotel gallery}}</ref>

Charles VI of France did not continue to support Glyndŵr's revolt

Armorial seal of Owain Glyndŵr, showing arms similar to banner with four lions.

Henry IV appointed Henry Percy – the famous "Hotspur" – to bring the country to order.

Ludlow Castle, birthplace of Edmund Mortimer

Edmund Mortimer (rebel)

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English nobleman and landowner who played a part in the rebellions of the Welsh leader Owain Glyndŵr and of the Percy family against King Henry IV, at the beginning of the 15th century.

Painting of the actor Junius Brutus Booth in costume as Edmund Mortimer (1823)

He had an elder brother, Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, and two sisters, Elizabeth, who married Henry 'Hotspur' Percy, and Philippa, who married firstly John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, secondly Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel, and thirdly, Sir Thomas Poynings.

Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas

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Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine (c.

Seal of the Princess Margaret, Duchess of Touraine, Countess of Douglas. Daughter of Robert III of Scotland

19th century depiction of Douglas on the left defending the mortally wounded Hotspur at Shrewsbury

St Gatien Cathedral. Resting place of The 4th Earl of Douglas

At Candlemas 1400 George I, Earl of March and Henry 'Hotspur' Percy had entered Scotland and laid waste as far as Papple in East Lothian.

Northumberland

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County in Northern England, one of two counties in England which border with Scotland.

An early mention of Northumberland as norð hẏmbra land "north of Humber land" in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Physical geography of Northumberland and surrounding areas

George Stephenson was born in Northumberland

Algernon Charles Swinburne, the poet, was raised in Northumberland

alt=alt language|Anne-Marie Trevelyan Conservative MP (Berwick upon Tweed)

alt=alt language|Ian Levy Conservative MP (Blyth Valley)

Shakespeare makes one of the Percys, the dashing Harry Hotspur (1364–1403), the hero of his Henry IV, Part 1.

A detail from Armstrong's Map of Northumberland (1769) showing Humbleton (Holmedon) Hill

Battle of Homildon Hill

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Conflict between English and Scottish armies on 14 September 1402 in Northumberland, England.

The Bendor stone at the site of the battle with Akeld Hill in the background. Humbleton Hill is out of shot to the left.

March persuaded Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, and his son Harry "Hotspur" to lie in wait for the returning Scots at Wooler.

Alnwick Castle

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Castle and country house in Alnwick in the English county of Northumberland.

Alnwick Castle, chromolithograph by Alexander Francis Lydon, 1870

Alnwick Castle, the Altar in the castle Chapel

The exterior of Alnwick Castle from the north west

The cascade fountain in the Alnwick Garden

The earl and his son Harry Hotspur later rebelled against King Henry IV and after defeating Hotspur in the Battle of Shrewsbury, the king pursued the earl.