Black tar heroin is a variable admixture of morphine derivatives—predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), which is the result of crude acetylation during clandestine production of street heroin.
- HeroinAbout 70 percent of morphine is used to make other opioids such as hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and heroin.
- Morphine30 related topics with Alpha
Opioid
18 links
Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.
As of 2015, increased rates of recreational use and addiction are attributed to over-prescription of opioid medications and inexpensive illicit heroin.
Oxycodone
12 linksSemi-synthetic opioid medication used for treatment of moderate to severe pain.
Semi-synthetic opioid medication used for treatment of moderate to severe pain.
When taken by mouth, it has roughly 1.5 times the effect of the equivalent amount of morphine.
In 2011, it was the leading cause of drug-related deaths in the U.S. However, from 2012 onwards, heroin and fentanyl have become more common causes of drug-related deaths.
Fentanyl
9 linksPowerful opioid used as a pain medication and, together with other medications, for anesthesia.
Powerful opioid used as a pain medication and, together with other medications, for anesthesia.
It is also used as a recreational drug, sometimes mixed with heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines or methamphetamine.
It is around 100 times stronger than morphine and about 50 times stronger than heroin.
Codeine
10 linksCodeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea.
The codeine ester acetylcodeine is a common active impurity in street heroin as some codeine tends to dissolve with the morphine when it is extracted from opium in underground heroin and morphine base labs.
Hydromorphone
6 linksOpioid used to treat moderate to severe pain.
Opioid used to treat moderate to severe pain.
Hydromorphone 2 mg IV is equivalent to approximately 10 mg morphine IV.
Adverse effects of hydromorphone are similar to those of other potent opioid analgesics, such as morphine and heroin.
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
7 linksInternational treaty that controls activities (production, supply, trade, use) of specific narcotic drugs and establishes a system of regulations (licenses, measures for treatment, research, etc.) for their medical and scientific uses.
International treaty that controls activities (production, supply, trade, use) of specific narcotic drugs and establishes a system of regulations (licenses, measures for treatment, research, etc.) for their medical and scientific uses.
Earlier treaties had only controlled opium, coca, and derivatives such as morphine, heroin, and cocaine.
Opium
5 linksDried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.
Dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.
Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
4 linksCanada's federal drug control statute.
Canada's federal drug control statute.
3) Morphine (7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol)
10) Diacetylmorphine (heroin)
Pethidine
5 linksSynthetic opioid pain medication of the phenylpiperidine class.
Synthetic opioid pain medication of the phenylpiperidine class.
Compared with morphine, pethidine was thought to be safer, carry a lower risk of addiction, and to be superior in treating the pain associated with biliary spasm or renal colic due to its putative anticholinergic effects.
Pethidine has been shown to be less effective than morphine, diamorphine, or hydromorphone at easing severe pain, or pain associated with movement or coughing.
Naloxone
4 linksMedication used to reverse the effects of opioids.
Medication used to reverse the effects of opioids.
It is included as a part of emergency overdose response kits distributed to heroin and other opioid drug users, and to emergency responders.
Oxymorphone, in turn, was derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic and naturally occurring constituent of the opium poppy.