A report on Hindu nationalism

Portrait of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Maratha Empire.
Maharajadhiraja Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723-1775), King of Nepal, he propagated the ideals of Hindu text Dharmashastra as ruling ideology
Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana commissioned the first civil code Muluki Ain in 1854 A.D. based on traditional Hindu law and prioritized Tagadhari castes before Matwalis and Dalits
Maharishi Dayananda Saraswati, founder of the Arya Samaj, on a 1962 stamp of India.
Swami Vivekananda on the Platform of the Parliament of the World's Religions.
Sri Aurobindo was an Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist.
A rare photograph of Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab, Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra, and Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal, the triumvirate were popularly known as Lal Bal Pal, who changed the political discourse of the Indian independence movement.
Mahatma Gandhi never called himself a Hindu nationalist, but preached Hindu Dharma.
Subhas Chandra Bose was one of the most prominent leaders and highly respected independence fighters from Bengal in the Indian independence movement.
Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, the founding Sarsanghachalak (or "Supreme Executive") of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
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Syama Prasad Mukherjee, who founded Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Jana Sangh, on a 1978 stamp of India.

Hindu nationalism has been collectively referred to as the expression of social and political thought, based on the native spiritual and cultural traditions of the Indian subcontinent.

- Hindu nationalism
Portrait of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Maratha Empire.

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Path Sanchalan in Bhopal

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

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The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (abbr.

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (abbr.

Path Sanchalan in Bhopal
Path Sanchalan in Bhopal
Keshav Baliram Hedgewar
M. S. Golwalkar
RSS meeting in 1939
Welcome from City of Milpitas California, USA to K Sudarshan
A volunteer taking an oath in the uniform shorts used until 2016
First aid camp for Earthquake victims in Gujarat
RSS volunteers involved in relief work during floods in North Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
Tsunami relief work by RSS volunteer

RSS;, , ) is an Indian right-wing, Hindu nationalist, paramilitary volunteer organisation.

Indian states that prohibit forced conversions (2022)

Hindutva

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Indian states that prohibit forced conversions (2022)
Cow slaughter laws in various states in India

Hindutva is the predominant form of Hindu nationalism in India.

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

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Indian politician, activist, and writer.

Indian politician, activist, and writer.

A statue of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar at Cellular Jail.
A group photo of people accused in the Mahatma Gandhi's murder case. Standing: Shankar Kistaiya, Gopal Godse, Madanlal Pahwa, Digambar Badge. Sitting: Narayan Apte, Vinayak D. Savarkar, Nathuram Godse, Vishnu Karkare
Prime Minister Narendra Modi pays tributes to Savarkar at Parliament of India.

He developed the Hindu nationalist political ideology of Hindutva while imprisoned at Ratnagiri in 1922.

Bharatiya Janata Party

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Political party in India, and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress.

Political party in India, and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress.

Ram Rath Yatra
Narendra Modi became the Prime Minister of India, following the 2014 Indian general election.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and U.S. President Donald Trump at the Namaste Trump rally in Ahmedabad, India on 24 February 2020
A diagram of the Structure of the Bharatiya Janata Party
Amit Shah, has been the longest (continous) serving National President of the BJP.

It was founded in collaboration with the Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), and was widely regarded as the political arm of the RSS.

Logo of the V.H.P, depicting a Banyan tree and the slogan dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ

Vishva Hindu Parishad

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Indian right-wing Hindu organization based on Hindu nationalism.

Indian right-wing Hindu organization based on Hindu nationalism.

Logo of the V.H.P, depicting a Banyan tree and the slogan dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ
Local office of Vishva Hindu Parishad, at Haridwar
Logo

The VHP is considered a member of the Sangh Parivar group, an umbrella term for Hindu nationalist organisations led by the RSS.

Hindu Mahasabha

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A group photo taken in Shimoga in 1944 when Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (seated fourth from right, second row) came to address the State-level Hindu Mahasabha conference. The late Bhoopalam Chandrashekariah, president of the Hindu Mahasabha State unit, is seated to Savarkar's left.

The Hindu Mahasabha (officially Akhil Bhārat Hindū Mahāsabhā, ) is a Hindu nationalist political party in India.

Sangh Parivar

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The Sangh Parivar (translation: "Family of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh" or the "RSS family" ) refers, as an umbrella term, to the collection of Hindu nationalist organisations spawned by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which remain affiliated to it.

Gandhi in London, 1931

Mahatma Gandhi

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Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule, and to later inspire movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule, and to later inspire movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

Gandhi in London, 1931
Gandhi (right) with his eldest brother Laxmidas in 1886.
Gandhi in London as a law student
This bronze statue of Gandhi commemorating the centenary of the incident at the Pietermaritzburg Railway Station was unveiled by Archbishop Desmond Tutu on Church Street, Pietermaritzburg, in June 1993
Gandhi with the stretcher-bearers of the Indian Ambulance Corps during the Boer War.
Gandhi (left) and his wife Kasturba (right) (1902)
Gandhi photographed in South Africa (1909)
Gandhi in 1918, at the time of the Kheda and Champaran Satyagrahas
Gandhi with Dr. Annie Besant en route to a meeting in Madras in September 1921. Earlier, in Madurai, on 21 September 1921, Gandhi had adopted the loin-cloth for the first time as a symbol of his identification with India's poor.
Gandhi spinning yarn, in the late 1920s
Indian workers on strike in support of Gandhi in 1930.
Gandhi and his personal assistant Mahadev Desai at Birla House, 1939
An admiring East End crowd gathers to witness the arrival of Mahatma Gandhi, 1931
In 1946, Gandhi with Jawaharlal Nehru, his designated political heir
Gandhi in 1942, the year he launched the Quit India Movement
Gandhi with Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1944
Gandhi in 1947, with Louis Mountbatten, Britain's last Viceroy of India, and his wife Edwina Mountbatten
Memorial where Gandhi was assassinated in 1948. His stylised footsteps lead to the memorial.
Gandhi's funeral was marked by millions of Indians.
Cremation of Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat, 31 January 1948. It was attended by Jawaharlal Nehru, Louis and Edwina Mountbatten, Maulana Azad, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Sarojini Naidu and other national leaders. His son Devdas Gandhi lit the pyre.
Gandhi with poet Rabindranath Tagore, 1940
Mohandas K. Gandhi and other residents of Tolstoy Farm, South Africa, 1910
Plaque displaying one of Gandhi's quotes on rumour
"God is truth. The way to truth lies through ahimsa (nonviolence)" – Sabarmati, 13 March 1927
Gandhi picking salt during Salt Satyagraha to defy colonial law giving salt collection monopoly to the British. His satyagraha attracted vast numbers of Indian men and women.
Gandhi with textile workers at Darwen, Lancashire, 26 September 1931
Gandhi's last political protest using fasting, in January 1948
Coverage of the assassination attempt, The Bombay Chronicle, 27 June 1934
Young India, a weekly journal published by Gandhi from 1919 to 1932
Statue of Mahatma Gandhi at York University
Mahatma Gandhi on a 1969 postage stamp of the Soviet Union
Mahatma Gandhi at Praça Túlio Fontoura, São Paulo, Brazil.
Monument to Gandhi in Madrid, Spain
The Gandhi Mandapam, a temple in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu in India, was erected to honour M.K. Gandhi.
Family tree of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Kasturba Gandhi. Source: Gandhi Ashram Sabarmati
Commemorative plaque at 20 Baron's Court Road, Barons Court, London

Among these was Nathuram Godse, a militant Hindu nationalist from western India, who assassinated Gandhi by firing three bullets into his chest at an interfaith prayer meeting in Delhi on 30 January 1948.

Godse at his trial for the murder of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948

Nathuram Godse

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The assassin of Mahatma Gandhi.

The assassin of Mahatma Gandhi.

Godse at his trial for the murder of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948
Group photo of people accused in the murder of Mahatma Gandhi. Standing (L to R): Shankar Kistaiya, Gopal Godse, Madan Lal Pahwa, Digambar Ramchandra Badge. Seated (L to R): Narayan Apte, Vinayak D. Savarkar, Nathuram Godse, Vishnu Karkare

He was a Hindu nationalist from western India who shot Gandhi in the chest three times at point blank range at a multi-faith prayer meeting in Birla House in New Delhi on 30 January 1948.

West Bengal

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West Bengal (, Bengali: Poshchim Bongo,, abbr.

West Bengal (, Bengali: Poshchim Bongo,, abbr.

Coin of the King Shashanka, who created the first separate political entity in Bengal, called the Gauda Kingdom
The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.
Firoz Minar at Gauḍa was built during the Bengal Sultanate.
An 1880 map of Bengal
Subhas Chandra Bose, he was a leading freedom fighter of India
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.
Many areas remain flooded during the heavy rains brought by a monsoon.
Districts of West Bengal
A hut in a village in the Hooghly district
The Grand Hotel in Kolkata. Tourism, especially from Bangladesh, is an important part of West Bengal's economy.
Freshly sown saplings of rice in a paddy; in the background are stacks of jute sticks.
Satyajit Ray, a pioneer in Bengali cinema along with Ravi Sankar.
Panchchura Temple in Bishnupur, one of the older examples of the terracotta arts of India.
Jamdani Sari of Bangladesh is very popular in West Bengal.
Salt Lake Stadium / Vivekananda Yuva Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata
Netaji Indoor Stadium, Kolkata
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport is a hub for flights to and from Bangladesh, East Asia, Nepal, Bhutan and north-east India.
Durgapur Expressway
An SBSTC bus in Karunamoyee
Kolkata Metro, India's first metro rail system
University of Calcutta, the oldest public university of India.
The front entrance to the academic block of NUJS, Kolkata.
Prajna Bhavan, housing the School of Mathematical Sciences and School of RKMVU.

Simultaneously, some parts of the region were ruled by several Hindu states, and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, and part of it was briefly overrun by the Suri Empire.