Hypothesis
Proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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Theory
Rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking.
Rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking.
Scientific theories are the most reliable, rigorous, and comprehensive form of scientific knowledge, in contrast to more common uses of the word "theory" that imply that something is unproven or speculative (which in formal terms is better characterized by the word hypothesis).
Experiment
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
Falsifiability
Standard of evaluation of scientific theories and hypotheses that was introduced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Discovery .
Standard of evaluation of scientific theories and hypotheses that was introduced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Discovery .
A theory or hypothesis is falsifiable (or refutable) if it can be logically contradicted by an empirical test that can potentially be executed with existing technologies.
Prediction
Statement about a future event or data.
Statement about a future event or data.
In a non-statistical sense, the term "prediction" is often used to refer to an informed guess or opinion.
Research
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge".
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge".
2) Hypothesis: A testable prediction which designates the relationship between two or more variables.
Thought experiment
A thought experiment is a hypothetical situation in which a hypothesis, theory, or principle is laid out for the purpose of thinking through its consequences.
Observation
Active acquisition of information from a primary source.
Active acquisition of information from a primary source.
3) Formulate a hypothesis that tentatively answers the question
Antecedent (logic)
An antecedent is the first half of a hypothetical proposition, whenever the if-clause precedes the then-clause.
Occam's razor
Problem-solving principle that "entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity".
Problem-solving principle that "entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity".
This philosophical razor advocates that when presented with competing hypotheses about the same prediction, one should select the solution with the fewest assumptions, and that this is not meant to be a way of choosing between hypotheses that make different predictions.
Scientific theory
Explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe that has been repeatedly tested and corroborated in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results.
Explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe that has been repeatedly tested and corroborated in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results.
The scientific method involves the proposal and testing of hypotheses, by deriving predictions from the hypotheses about the results of future experiments, then performing those experiments to see whether the predictions are valid.