Illinois and Related Topics

Chicago

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Traditional Potawatomi regalia on display at the Field Museum of Natural History

An artist's rendering of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871

Court of Honor at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893

Men outside a soup kitchen during the Great Depression (1931)

Protesters in Grant Park outside the 1968 Democratic National Convention

Downtown and the North Side with beaches lining the waterfront

The Chicago Building (1904–05) is a prime example of the Chicago School, displaying both variations of the Chicago window.

Replica of Daniel Chester French's Statue of the Republic at the site of the World's Columbian Exposition

Downtown Chicago and the Chicago River during January 2014 cold wave

Map of racial distribution in Chicago, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people:

The National Hellenic Museum in Greektown is one of several ethnic museums comprising the Chicago Cultural Alliance.

The spire of the Copernicus Center is modeled on the Royal Castle in Warsaw.

Ferries offer sightseeing tours and water-taxi transportation along the Chicago River and Lake Michigan.

The Magnificent Mile hosts numerous upscale stores, as well as landmarks like the Chicago Water Tower.

Carl Sandburg's most famous description of the city is as "Hog Butcher for the World/Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat/ Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler,/ Stormy, Husky, Brawling, City of the Big Shoulders."

Chicago Half Marathon on Lake Shore Drive on the South Side

Daley Plaza with Picasso statue, City Hall in background. At right, the Daley Plaza Building contains the state law courts.

When it was opened in 1991, the central Harold Washington Library appeared in Guinness World Records as the largest municipal public library building in the world.

The University of Chicago, as seen from the Midway Plaisance

WGN began in the early days of radio and developed into a multi-platform broadcaster, including a cable television super-station.

The former Harpo Studios in West Loop, Chicago was home of The Oprah Winfrey Show from 1986 until 2011 and other Harpo Production operations until 2015.

Aerial photo of the Jane Byrne Interchange, opened in the 1960s

Chicago Union Station, opened in 1925, is the third-busiest passenger rail terminal in the United States.

Amtrak train on the Empire Builder route departs Chicago from Union Station

Prentice Women's Hospital on the Northwestern Memorial Hospital Downtown Campus

Chicago (, locally also ), officially the City of Chicago, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois, and the third-most populous city in the United States, following New York City and Los Angeles.

Midwestern United States

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One of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau .

Divisions of the Midwest by the U.S. Census Bureau into East North Central and West North Central, separated largely by the Mississippi River.

Scotts Bluff National Monument in western Nebraska

The Driftless Area as viewed from Wildcat Mountain State Park in Vernon County, Wisconsin

Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota

Prairie in Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa

Monks Mound, located at the Cahokia Mounds near Collinsville, Illinois, is the largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in America north of Mesoamerica and a World Heritage Site

Young Oglala Lakota girl in front of tipi with puppy beside her, probably on or near Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota

Cumulus clouds hover above a yellowish prairie at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, native lands to the Sioux.

c. 1681 map of Marquette and Jolliet's 1673 expedition

Beaver hunting grounds, the basis of the fur trade

The state cessions that eventually allowed for the creation of the territories north and southwest of the River Ohio

Lake Michigan is shared by four Midwestern states: Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin.

The Upper Mississippi River near Harpers Ferry, Iowa

An animation depicting when United States territories and states forbade or allowed slavery, 1789–1861

A map of various Underground Railroad routes

Minneapolis, Minnesota is on the Mississippi River

Omaha, Nebraska, is on the Missouri River

Distribution of Americans claiming German Ancestry by county in 2018

German population density in the United States, 1870 census

A pastoral farm scene near Traverse City, Michigan, with a classic American red barn

Standing wheat in Kansas, part of America's Breadbasket

Soybean fields at Applethorpe Farm, north of Hallsville in Ross County, Ohio

The Chicago Board of Trade Building a National Historic Landmark

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland

Mount Rushmore is located in the Black Hills of South Dakota.

The Milwaukee Art Museum is located on Lake Michigan.

The first local meeting of the new Republican Party took place here in Ripon, Wisconsin on March 20, 1854.

Midwestern U.S. Senators by party for the 117th Congress

Midwestern U.S. Representatives by party for the 117th Congress

The Census Bureau's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

Mississippi River

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Second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.

The beginning of the Mississippi River at Lake Itasca (2004)

Former head of navigation, St. Anthony Falls, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Confluence of the Wisconsin and Mississippi Rivers, viewed from Wyalusing State Park in Wisconsin

The Upper Mississippi River at its confluence with the Missouri River north of St. Louis

The confluence of the Mississippi (left) and Ohio (right) rivers at Cairo, Illinois, the demarcation between the Middle and the Lower Mississippi River

Lower Mississippi River near New Orleans

Sequence of NASA MODIS images showing the outflow of fresh water from the Mississippi (arrows) into the Gulf of Mexico (2004)

View along the former riverbed at the Tennessee/Arkansas state line near Reverie, Tennessee (2007)

In Minnesota, the Mississippi River runs through the Twin Cities (2007)

Community of boathouses on the Mississippi River in Winona, MN (2006)

The Mississippi River at the Chain of Rocks just north of St. Louis (2005)

A low-water dam deepens the pool above the Chain of Rocks Lock near St. Louis (2006)

The Stone Arch Bridge, the Third Avenue Bridge and the Hennepin Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis (2004)

The Chain of Rocks Bridge at St. Louis, Missouri

The Hernando de Soto Bridge in Memphis, Tennessee (2009)

Towboat and barges at Memphis, Tennessee

Ships on the lower part of the Mississippi

Oil tanker on the Lower Mississippi near the Port of New Orleans

Lock and Dam No. 11, north of Dubuque, Iowa (2007)

Lock and Dam No. 2, near Hastings, Minnesota (2007)

Lock and Dam No. 15, is the largest roller dam in the world Davenport, Iowa; Rock Island, Illinois. (1990)

Formation of the Atchafalaya River and construction of the Old River Control Structure.

Project design flood flow capacity for the Mississippi river in thousands of cubic feet per second.

Soldiers of the Missouri Army National Guard sandbag the River in Clarksville, Missouri, June 2008, following flooding.

Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto A.D. 1541 by William Henry Powell depicts Hernando de Soto and Spanish Conquistadores seeing the Mississippi River for the first time.

Map of the French settlements (blue) in North America in 1750, before the French and Indian War (1754 to 1763).

Ca. 1681 map of Marquette and Jolliet's 1673 expedition.

Route of the Marquette-Jolliete Expedition of 1673

Shifting sand bars made early navigation difficult.

Mississippi River from Eunice, Arkansas, a settlement destroyed by gunboats during the Civil War.

The Old River Control Structure complex. View is to the east-southeast, looking downriver on the Mississippi, with the three dams across channels of the Atchafalaya River to the right of the Mississippi. Concordia Parish, Louisiana is in the foreground, on the right, and Wilkinson County, Mississippi, is in the background, across the Mississippi on the left.

Great River Road in Wisconsin near Lake Pepin (2005)

The American paddlefish is an ancient relict from the Mississippi

The source of the Mississippi River at Lake Itasca

The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

Chicago metropolitan area

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Metropolitan area in the Midwestern United States.

A map of Chicagoland in relation to the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana.

Airborne view of the dense southern part of Chicago, running alongside Lake Michigan. Downtown Chicago is at the far left by the lake in the photo.

The extent of the 16-county Chicago CSA (in black) and the 16 counties that share a border with the Chicago CSA (in gray), with counties divided into Minor Civil Divisions. In Illinois and Indiana, townships are intermediate between counties and municipalities (with the latter lying within townships and crossing township borders), while in Michigan and Wisconsin, townships are a type of municipality.

Westward view from the Willis Tower in Chicago

Whitney M. Young Magnet High School in Chicago

Taken from the ISS on June 23, 2022; downtown Chicago is at the center by the lake

Encompassing 10,286 sq mi (28,120 km2), the metropolitan area includes the city of Chicago, its suburbs and hinterland, spanning 14 counties in northeast Illinois, northwest Indiana, and a small portion of southeast Wisconsin.

Springfield, Illinois

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Present Capitol building, built c. 1868–1888

a Courtyard Marriott Location damaged by the 2006 Springfield tornadoes

Satellite image of Springfield taken from ESA Sentinel-2

Abraham Lincoln resided in Springfield for 24 years

Outline of the Township area and the City of Springfield in Sangamon County

Springfield is the capital of the U.S. state of Illinois and the county seat and largest city of Sangamon County.

Wisconsin

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State in the upper Midwestern United States.

Wisconsin in 1718, Guillaume de L'Isle map, with the approximate state area highlighted

Jean Nicolet, depicted in a 1910 painting by Frank Rohrbeck, was probably the first European to explore Wisconsin. The mural is located in the Brown County Courthouse in Green Bay.

French-Canadian voyageur Joseph Roi built the Tank Cottage in Green Bay in 1776. Located in Heritage Hill State Historical Park, it is the oldest standing building from Wisconsin's early years and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Little White Schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin, held the nation's first meeting of the Republican Party.

The Wisconsin 8th Volunteer Eagle Regiment with Old Abe

The Daniel E. Krause Stone Barn in Chase was built in 1903, as dairy farming spread across the state.

Wisconsin Governor Robert La Follette addresses an assembly, 1905

Wisconsin, from an altitude of 206 nautical miles (237 statute miles; 382 km) at 7:43:39 AM CDT on March 11, 2012 during Expedition 30 of the International Space Station.

Wisconsin is divided into five geographic regions.

The Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin is characterized by bluffs carved in sedimentary rock by water from melting Ice Age glaciers.

Timms Hill is the highest natural point in Wisconsin at 1951.5 ft; it is located in the Town of Hill, Price County.

The Wisconsin State Capitol is located on the isthmus between Lake Mendota and Lake Monona, in the city of Madison.

The Senate Chamber of the Wisconsin State Capitol

Wisconsin congressman Paul Ryan was the 2012 Republican Party nominee for vice-president.

The 2011 Wisconsin Act 10 led to large protests around the state capitol building in Madison.

The U.S. Bank Center in downtown Milwaukee is home to the headquarters of Foley & Lardner, Robert W. Baird & Company, Sensient Technologies Corporation, and is the Milwaukee office for U.S. Bank, IBM, and CBRE.

Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin in Spring Green

Lambeau Field in Green Bay is home to the NFL's Packers.

American Family Field is the home stadium of Major League Baseball's Milwaukee Brewers.

It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north.

Missouri

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State in the Midwestern region of the United States.

Fur Traders Descending the Missouri by Missouri painter George Caleb Bingham

The states and territories of the United States as a result of Missouri's admission as a state on August 10, 1821. The remainder of the former Missouri Territory became unorganized territory.

Price's Raid in the Trans-Mississippi Theater, 1864

Union Station in St. Louis was the world's largest and busiest train station when it opened in 1894.

Child shoe workers in Kirksville, Missouri, 1910

General John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I, was raised in Laclede, Missouri.

African American boy in a sharecropper shack, New Madrid County, 1938.

The Bell Mountain Wilderness of southern Missouri's Mark Twain National Forest

The Lake of the Ozarks is one of several man-made lakes in Missouri, created by the damming of several rivers and tributaries. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres and 1,150 miles of shoreline and has become a popular tourist destination.

The population center for the United States has been in Missouri since 1980. As of 2020, it is near Interstate 44 in Missouri as it approaches Springfield.

Missouri State quarter featuring the Lewis and Clark expedition

The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City services the western portion of Missouri, as well as all of Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, and northern New Mexico.

Kansas City Streetcar near Union Station

The Missouri State Capitol in Jefferson City

The Governor's Mansion is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Treemap of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election

Jesse Hall on the University of Missouri campus

Brookings Hall at Washington University in St. Louis

The historic Gem Theatre, located in Kansas City's renowned 18th and Vine Jazz District

Missouri has four major sports teams: the Royals and Cardinals of MLB, the Chiefs of the NFL, and the Blues of the NHL.

A mural honoring the Kansas City Chiefs on the wall of the Westport Alehouse in Kansas City, MO.

The St. Louis Cardinals playing at Busch Stadium

Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas to the south and Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska to the west.

Portrait by Alexander Gardner, November 1863

Abraham Lincoln

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American lawyer and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865.

The farm site where Lincoln grew up in Spencer County, Indiana

Lincoln in his late 30s as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. Photo taken by one of Lincoln's law students around 1846.

Lincoln in 1858, the year of his debates with Stephen Douglas over slavery

A portrait of Dred Scott, petitioner in Dred Scott v. Sandford

Abraham Lincoln (1860) by Mathew Brady, taken the day of the Cooper Union speech

A Timothy Cole wood engraving taken from a May 20, 1860, ambrotype of Lincoln, two days following his nomination for president

Headlines on the day of Lincoln's inauguration portended hostilities with the Confederacy, Fort Sumter being attacked less than six weeks later.

March 1861 inaugural at the Capitol building. The dome above the rotunda was still under construction.

Lincoln with officers after the Battle of Antietam. Notable figures (from left) are 1. Col. Delos Sackett; 4. Gen. George W. Morell; 5. Alexander S. Webb, Chief of Staff, V Corps; 6. McClellan;. 8. Dr. Jonathan Letterman; 10. Lincoln; 11. Henry J. Hunt; 12. Fitz John Porter; 15. Andrew A. Humphreys; 16. Capt. George Armstrong Custer.

Running the Machine: An 1864 political cartoon satirizing Lincoln's administration – featuring William Fessenden, Edwin Stanton, William Seward, Gideon Welles, Lincoln, and others

Lincoln, absent his usual top hat, is highlighted at Gettysburg.

An electoral landslide for Lincoln (in red) in the 1864 election; southern states (brown) and territories (gray) not in play

A poster of the 1864 election campaign with Lincoln as the candidate for president and Andrew Johnson as the candidate for vice president

Lincoln's second inaugural address in 1865 at the almost completed Capitol building

A political cartoon of Vice President Andrew Johnson (a former tailor) and Lincoln, 1865, entitled The 'Rail Splitter' At Work Repairing the Union. The caption reads (Johnson): "Take it quietly Uncle Abe and I will draw it closer than ever." (Lincoln): "A few more stitches Andy and the good old Union will be mended."

Shown in the presidential booth of Ford's Theatre, from left to right, are assassin John Wilkes Booth, Abraham Lincoln, Mary Todd Lincoln, Clara Harris, and Henry Rathbone.

Abraham Lincoln, painting by George Peter Alexander Healy in 1869

Lincoln in February 1865, two months before his death

The Lincoln cent, an American coin portraying Lincoln

Lincoln's image carved into the stone of Mount Rushmore|alt=See caption

Abraham Lincoln, a 1909 bronze statue by Adolph Weinman, sits before a historic church in Hodgenville, Kentucky.|alt=See caption

The Lincoln memorial postage stamp of 1866 was issued by the U.S. Post Office exactly one year after Lincoln's death.

Painting of Abraham Lincoln for the U.S. Capitol, by Ned Bittinger

He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois.

Lake Michigan

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One of the five Great Lakes of North America.

Taken from Resourcesat-2 on July 3, 2022

SS Badger operates ferry services between Manitowoc and Ludington

Most islands in Lake Michigan are in the northern part of the lake. Photo taken from the International Space Station on April 10, 2022.

Ice volcanoes form from sea ice and protect the coast from erosion.

Lake fisheries postcard produced for the Milwaukee Public Museum, the backside identifies the fishermen as using a pound net.

Located in the United States, it is shared, from west to east, by the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan.

Ohio River

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981 mi long river in the United States.

Steamboat Morning Star, a Louisville and Evansville mail packet, in 1858.

Built between 1847 and 1849, the Wheeling Suspension Bridge was the first bridge across the river and a crucial part of the National Road.

Cave-in-rock, view on the Ohio (circa 1832, Cave-In-Rock, Illinois): aquatint by Karl Bodmer from the book Maximilian, Prince of Wied's Travels in the Interior of North America, during the years 1832–1834

Silver Bridge in Point Pleasant, West Virginia which collapsed into the Ohio River on December 15, 1967, killing 46 people.

A barge heads east on the Ohio River in Louisville, Kentucky.

The confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers is at Cairo, Illinois.

The Ohio River as seen from Fredonia, Indiana.

Natural-color satellite image of the Wabash-Ohio confluence.

Lawrenceburg, Indiana, is one of many towns that use the Ohio as a shipping avenue.

The Allegheny River, left, and Monongahela River join to form the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the largest metropolitan area on the river.

Louisville, Kentucky, The deepest point of the Ohio River is a scour hole just below Cannelton locks and dam (river mile 720.7).

A barge hauls coal in the Louisville and Portland Canal, the only artificial portion of the Ohio River.

Cincinnati skyline showing the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge to Covington, Kentucky.

Carl Perkins Bridge in Portsmouth, Ohio with Ohio River and Scioto River tributary on right.

The Ohio River seen at Sciotoville, from the "Geography of Ohio," 1923

It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illinois.

A report on Illinois

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