A report on Illinois, Midwestern United States, Mississippian culture and Ohio River

Approximate areas of various Mississippian and related cultures
Divisions of the Midwest by the U.S. Census Bureau into East North Central and West North Central, separated largely by the Mississippi River.
A priest with a ceremonial flint mace and severed sacrificial head, based on a repoussé copper plate
Steamboat Morning Star, a Louisville and Evansville mail packet, in 1858.
Mississippian copper plate found at the Saddle Site in Union County, Illinois
Scotts Bluff National Monument in western Nebraska
Mississippian copper plates
Built between 1847 and 1849, the Wheeling Suspension Bridge was the first bridge across the river and a crucial part of the National Road.
Illinois in 1718, approximate modern state area highlighted, from Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi by Guillaume de L'Isle
The Driftless Area as viewed from Wildcat Mountain State Park in Vernon County, Wisconsin
Reconstruction of the Birdman burial at Cahokia.
Cave-in-rock, view on the Ohio (circa 1832, Cave-In-Rock, Illinois): aquatint by Karl Bodmer from the book Maximilian, Prince of Wied's Travels in the Interior of North America, during the years 1832–1834
The bell donated by King Louis XV in 1741 to the mission at Kaskaskia. It was later called the "Liberty Bell of the West", after it was rung to celebrate U.S. victory in the Revolution
Flint Hills grasslands of Kansas
Mass grave burial at Cahokia of fifty-three sacrificed Native American women
Silver Bridge in Point Pleasant, West Virginia which collapsed into the Ohio River on December 15, 1967, killing 46 people.
In 1818, Illinois became the 21st U.S. state. The southern portion of Illinois Territory was admitted as the state of Illinois, and the rest was joined to Michigan Territory.
Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota
Shell tempered ceramic effigy jug with swirls painted in clay slip, Rose Mound, Cross County, Arkansas, U.S., 1400-1600 CE, 8" (20 cm) high
A barge heads east on the Ohio River in Louisville, Kentucky.
[[Old State Capitol State Historic Site| Old State Capitol]]: Abraham Lincoln and other area legislators were instrumental in moving the state capitol to centrally located Springfield in 1839.
Prairie in Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa
Replica of a Mississippian house from over 1000 years ago excavated at the Aztalan site of the Oneota region in an exhibit at the Wisconsin Historical Museum
The confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers is at Cairo, Illinois.
Embarkation of Union troops from Cairo on January 10, 1862
Monks Mound, located at the Cahokia Mounds near Collinsville, Illinois, is the largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in America north of Mesoamerica and a World Heritage Site
A mound diagram of the Mississippian cultural period showing the multiple layers of mound construction, mound structures such as temples or mortuaries, ramps with log stairs, and prior structures under later layers, multiple terraces, and intrusive burials.
The Ohio River as seen from Fredonia, Indiana.
Charles Mound, the highest natural point in Illinois at 1,235 feet above sea level, is located in the Driftless Area in the northwestern part of the state.
Winnebago family (1852)
Cahokia, the largest Mississippian culture site
Natural-color satellite image of the Wabash-Ohio confluence.
At 279 feet above sea level, the lowest elevation point in the state is located near Cairo and the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
Young Oglala Lakota girl in front of tipi with puppy beside her, probably on or near Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota
Kincaid, showing its platform mounds and encircling palisade
Lawrenceburg, Indiana, is one of many towns that use the Ohio as a shipping avenue.
Köppen climate types of Illinois
Cumulus clouds hover above a yellowish prairie at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, native lands to the Sioux.
Stone effigies found at the Etowah Site
Glacial Lake Ohio
Density map displaying the population of Illinois
c. 1681 map of Marquette and Jolliet's 1673 expedition
Map of the Caddoan Mississippian culture
The Allegheny River, left, and Monongahela River join to form the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the largest metropolitan area on the river.
The Baháʼí House of Worship in Wilmette, Illinois
Beaver hunting grounds, the basis of the fur trade
Spiro, in eastern Oklahoma
Louisville, Kentucky, The deepest point of the Ohio River is a scour hole just below Cannelton locks and dam (river mile 720.7).
The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago at the heart of Chicago's financial center
The state cessions that eventually allowed for the creation of the territories north and southwest of the River Ohio
Map showing the geographical extent of the Plaquemine culture and some of its major sites
A barge hauls coal in the Louisville and Portland Canal, the only artificial portion of the Ohio River.
Byron Nuclear Generating Station in Ogle County
Northwest Territory 1787
A map showing the de Soto route through the Southeast
Cincinnati skyline showing the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge to Covington, Kentucky.
Average annual wind power distribution for Illinois, 50 m height above ground (2009)
Louisiana Purchase 1803
Carl Perkins Bridge in Portsmouth, Ohio with Ohio River and Scioto River tributary on right.
Soldier Field, Chicago
Ohio River near Rome, Ohio
The Ohio River seen at Sciotoville, from the "Geography of Ohio," 1923
The Illinois State Capitol in Springfield
Lake Michigan is shared by four Midwestern states: Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin.
Illinois House of Representatives
The Upper Mississippi River near Harpers Ferry, Iowa
Governor J. B. Pritzker (D)
An animation depicting when United States territories and states forbade or allowed slavery, 1789–1861
University of Illinois
1855 Free-State poster
University of Chicago
A map of various Underground Railroad routes
University of Illinois Willard Airport
Minneapolis, Minnesota is on the Mississippi River
Inside O'Hare International Airport
Omaha, Nebraska, is on the Missouri River
Vandalia State House State Historic Site in Vandalia
Cincinnati, Ohio is on the Ohio River
The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago
Distribution of Americans claiming German Ancestry by county in 2018
Magnolia Manor is a Victorian period historic house museum in Cairo.
German population density in the United States, 1870 census
Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield
A pastoral farm scene near Traverse City, Michigan, with a classic American red barn
The Polish Museum of America in Chicago
Central Iowa cornfield in June
A Railway Post Office preserved at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union
Standing wheat in Kansas, part of America's Breadbasket
Standard license plate introduced in 2017
Soybean fields at Applethorpe Farm, north of Hallsville in Ross County, Ohio
Standard license plate 2001 to 2016
The Chicago Board of Trade Building a National Historic Landmark
Illinois license plate design used throughout the 1980s and 1990s, displaying the Land of Lincoln slogan that has been featured on the state's plates since 1954
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland
Illinois 2020 Population Density Map
Mount Rushmore is located in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
The Milwaukee Art Museum is located on Lake Michigan.
The first local meeting of the new Republican Party took place here in Ripon, Wisconsin on March 20, 1854.
Midwestern Governors by party
Midwestern U.S. Senators by party for the 117th Congress
Midwestern U.S. Representatives by party for the 117th Congress
Beaver hunting grounds, the basis of the fur trade

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern United States.

- Illinois

The Mississippian culture was a Native American civilization that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally.

- Mississippian culture

It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illinois.

- Ohio River

The largest city was Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center located in what is present-day southern Illinois.

- Mississippian culture

The Census Bureau's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

- Midwestern United States

Additionally, the Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash rivers form parts of the state's boundaries.

- Illinois

Major rivers in the region include, from east to west, the Ohio River, the Upper Mississippi River, and the Missouri River.

- Midwestern United States

In the five centuries before European conquest, the Mississippian culture built numerous regional chiefdoms and major earthwork mounds in the Ohio Valley like the Angel Mounds near Evansville, Indiana as well as in the Mississippi Valley and the Southeast.

- Ohio River

Kincaid site: A major Mississippian mound center in southern Illinois across the Ohio River from Paducah, Kentucky.

- Mississippian culture

Cahokia, the largest regional chiefdom and Urban Center of the Pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, was located near present-day Collinsville, Illinois.

- Illinois

Archaeological evidence indicates that Mississippian culture traits probably began in the St. Louis, Missouri area and spread northwest along the Mississippi and Illinois rivers and entered the state along the Kankakee River system.

- Midwestern United States

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Indiana

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Angel Mounds State Historic Site was one of the northernmost Mississippian culture settlements, occupied from 1100 to 1450.
Native Americans guide French explorers through Indiana, as depicted by Maurice Thompson in Stories of Indiana.
Indiana's Capitol Building in Corydon served as the state's seat of government from 1816 until 1825.
Rolling hills in the Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area of Hoosier National Forest, in the Indiana Uplands
The Wabash River converges with the Ohio River at Posey County.
Köppen climate types of Indiana, using 1991-2020 climate normals.
Indiana is home to the third largest population of Amish in the U.S.
Mike Pence at the Indiana State Fair, 2014
Members of the Indiana National Guard at the Muscatatuck Urban Training Center near Butlerville
Indianapolis is home to the annual Indianapolis 500 race.
The Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League have been based in the state since 1984.
Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall, home to Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball
Notre Dame Stadium, home to the Fighting Irish
Lake Michigan's beaches, popular with tourists, are juxtaposed with heavy industry.
Indiana is the fifth largest corn-producing state in the U.S., with over a billion bushels harvested in 2013.
Coal-fired electric plants, like Clifty Creek Power Plant in Madison, produced about 85 percent of Indiana's energy supply in 2014.
The Interstate 69 extension project in Monroe County
A South Shore commuter train in Michigan City
Barges are a common sight along the Ohio River. Ports of Indiana manages three maritime ports in the state, two located on the Ohio.

Indiana is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

It is bordered by Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the south and southeast, and the Wabash River and Illinois to the west.

The Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 AD until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans.