A report on Tax, Income tax and Pension

Total revenue from direct and indirect taxes given as share of GDP in 2017
Top marginal tax rate of the income tax (i.e. the maximum rate of taxation applied to the highest part of income)
Public sector workers in Leeds striking over pension changes by the government in November 2011
Pieter Brueghel the Younger, The tax collector's office, 1640
William Pitt the Younger introduced a progressive income tax in 1798.
2018 Russian pension protests
Substitution effect and income effect with a taxation on y good.
Punch cartoon (1907); illustrates the unpopularity amongst Punch readers of a proposed 1907 income tax by the Labour Party in the United Kingdom.
First pillar of pension system by country: Basic non-contributory pension Mandatory individual accounts Provident fund system Workers can switch between social insurance system or individual accounts Social insurance system
Budget's constraint shift after an introduction of a lump sum tax or a general tax on consumption or a proportional income tax.
General government revenue, in % of GDP, from personal income taxes. For this data, the variance of GDP per capita with purchasing power parity (PPP) is explained in 27 % by tax revenue
The Laffer curve. In this case, the critical point is at a tax rate of 70%. Revenue increases until this peak, then it starts decreasing.
Systems of taxation on personal income
General government revenue, in % of GDP, from social contributions. For this data, the variance of GDP per capita with purchasing power parity (PPP) is explained in 20% by social contributions revenue.
Payroll and income tax by OECD Country
Egyptian peasants seized for non-payment of taxes. (Pyramid Age)
Public finance revenue from taxes in % of GDP. For this data, the variance of GDP per capita with purchasing power parity (PPP) is explained in 32% by tax revenue.
Diagram illustrating deadweight costs of taxes

An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income).

- Income tax

Most countries charge a tax on an individual's income as well as on corporate income.

- Tax

Occupational pensions are a form of deferred compensation, usually advantageous to employee and employer for tax reasons.

- Pension

These services can include education systems, pensions for the elderly, unemployment benefits, transfer payments, subsidies and public transportation.

- Tax

Many systems exclude from income part or all of superannuation or other national retirement plan payments.

- Income tax

Finally, in the short term, the public finance balance increases but is quickly limited (but remains an increase) with the decrease of revenues from VAT and income taxes and the increase of unemployment.

- Pension
Total revenue from direct and indirect taxes given as share of GDP in 2017

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