A report on Tanzania, Kenya and Indian Ocean slave trade

The main slave routes in medieval Africa

Arab-Swahili slave traders and their captives along the Ruvuma River in Mozambique.

A 1.8-million-year-old stone chopping tool discovered at Olduvai Gorge and on display at the British Museum.

The Turkana boy, a 1.6-million-year-old hominid fossil belonging to Homo erectus.

A traditional Swahili carved wooden door in Lamu.

A 1572 depiction of the portuguese city of Kilwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Portuguese presence in Kenya lasted from 1498 until 1730. Mombasa was under Portuguese rule from 1593 to 1698 and again from 1728 to 1729.

Battle during the Maji Maji Rebellion against German colonial rule in 1905.

The Kenya–Uganda Railway near Mombasa, about 1899.

A statue of Dedan Kimathi, a Kenyan rebel leader with the Mau Mau who fought against the British colonial system in the 1950s.

The first president and founding father of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta.

Tanzania map of Köppen climate classification

Daniel arap Moi, Kenya's second President, and George W. Bush, 2001

The Masai giraffe is Tanzania's national animal

The semi-autonomous Zanzibar Archipelago

A Köppen climate classification map of Kenya.

Tanzanian ambassador to Russia Jaka Mwambi presenting his credentials to the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev

Tanzanian Embassy in West End, Washington, D.C., USA

FIB Tanzanian special forces during training

President Barack Obama in Nairobi, July 2015

A proportional representation of Tanzania exports, 2019

Historical development of real GDP per capita in Tanzania, since 1950

A proportional representation of Kenya exports, 2019

Nyerere Bridge in Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam

Kenya, Trends in the Human Development Index 1970–2010.

Domestic expenditure on research in Southern Africa as a percentage of GDP, 2012 or closest year. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015), Figure 20.3

A Tanzanian woman cooks Pilau rice dish wearing traditional Kanga.

The Kenya Commercial Bank office at KENCOM House (right) in Nairobi.

Farmers using a rice harvester to harvest rice in Igunga District, Tanzania

Workers at Olkaria Geothermal Power Plant

Example of a World Food Programme parcel

Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year

Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014. Source: UNESCO Science Report (2015), data from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded

Maasai people. The Maasai live in both Kenya and Tanzania.

A carved door with Arabic calligraphy in Zanzibar

Nkrumah Hall at the University of Dar es Salaam

A Bantu Kikuyu woman in traditional attire

Holy Ghost Roman Catholic Cathedral in Mombasa.

Outpatient Department of AIC Kapsowar Hospital in Kapsowar.

Judith Wambura (Lady Jaydee) is a popular Bongo Flava recording singer.

Table showing different grades of clinical officers, medical officers, and medical practitioners in Kenya's public service

An MSc student at Kenyatta University in Nairobi.

St Joseph's Catholic cathedral, Zanzibar

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha

Kenyan boys and girls performing a traditional dance

East African Legislative Assembly in Arusha

Nation Media House, which hosts the Nation Media Group

Jepkosgei Kipyego and Jepkemoi Cheruiyot at the 2012 London Olympics

Kenyan Olympic and world record holder in the 800 meters, David Rudisha.

Ugali and sukuma wiki, staples of Kenyan cuisine

It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.

- Tanzania

Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest, Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the east, Uganda to the west, Tanzania to the south, and the Indian Ocean to the southeast.

- Kenya

These traders captured Bantu peoples (Zanj) from the interior in the present-day lands of Kenya, Mozambique and Tanzania and brought them to the coast.

- Indian Ocean slave trade

In the 17th century, the Swahili coast was conquered and came under the direct rule of the Omani Arabs, who expanded the slave trade to meet the demands of plantations in Oman and Zanzibar.

- Kenya

During this time, Zanzibar became the centre for the east African slave trade.

- Tanzania

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Zanzibar

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Insular semi-autonomous state which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.

The Harem and Tower Harbour of Zanzibar (p.234), London Missionary Society

The post office in Zanzibar was initially managed by the postal service of British India. Before dedicated Zanzibar stamps could be manufactured, Indian stamps were locally overprinted. This item is from a pre-printed Indian envelope or postcard, overprinted at the offices of the Zanzibar Gazette, which had the only printing press in the territory.

A street scene in Zanzibar during the early 20th century

The main mosque and Christ Church Anglican cathedral in Stone Town

12 January 2004: President Karume of Zanzibar enters Amani Stadium for the celebration of the 40th anniversary of Zanzibar's 1964 revolution.

An aerial view of Stone Town in Zanzibar

A dolphin in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Zanzibar

Aquaculture of red algae (Eucheuma), Jambiani

Tourism is one of the main sectors of the economy.

Tourists in boat chasing dolphins in the Indian Ocean near Zanzibar

A narrow pedestrian alleyway in Stone Town, Zanzibar

A train operating on the railway between Bububu and Stone Town in Zanzibar, circa 1905

Several times a day fast ferry services between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar

A view of the clock tower in House of Wonders through Islamic styled door in the Stone City

Aerial view of Amaan Stadium in Zanzibar

House of Wonders undergoing refurbishment

Cloves have played a significant role in Zanzibar's historic economy.

The red colobus of Zanzibar (Procolobus kirkii), taken at Jozani Fores

Red-knobbed starfish (Protoreaster linckii) on the beach in Nungwi, northern Zanzibar

Cannons overlooking the water at Forodhani Gardens park, in Stone Town

alt=A five-star resort on the northern part of Zanzibar|A five-star resort on the northern part of Zanzibar

In October 1886, a British-German border commission established the Zanj as a 10 nmi strip along most of the African Great Lakes region's coast, an area stretching from Cape Delgado (now in Mozambique) to Kipini (now in Kenya), including Mombasa and Dar es Salaam.

During his 14-year reign as sultan, Majid bin Said consolidated his power around the east African slave trade.

In April 1964, the republic merged with mainland Tanganyika. This United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar was soon renamed, blending the two names, as the United Republic of Tanzania, within which Zanzibar remains an autonomous region.