A report on JilinQing dynasty and Inner Mongolia

The Qing dynasty in 1890. Territory under its control shown in dark green; territory claimed but uncontrolled shown in light green.
Persian miniature depicting Genghis Khan entering Beijing
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The Qing dynasty in 1890. Territory under its control shown in dark green; territory claimed but uncontrolled shown in light green.
The Northern Yuan at its greatest extent
Winter rime trees of Jilin City
Italian 1682 map showing the "Kingdom of the Nüzhen" or the "Jin Tartars"
Mongolia plateau during early 17th century
Statue of Mao Zedong in Jilin
Manchu cavalry charging Ming infantry battle of Sarhu in 1619
Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia within the Qing dynasty, c. 1820
Languages spoken in Jilin: yellow: Mandarin; blue: Korean; red: Mongolian
Sura han ni chiha (Coins of Tiancong Khan) in Manchu alphabet
Mongols stand in front of a yurt, 1912
Changchun Stadium.
Dorgon (1612–1650)
Delegates of Inner Mongolia People's Congress shouting slogans
Qing Empire in 1636
Inner Mongolian steppes
The Qing conquest of the Ming and expansion of the empire
Topography of Inner Mongolia in China
The Kangxi Emperor (r. 1662–1722)
Winter in Ulanbutan Grassland, Hexigten Banner
Emperor with Manchu army in Khalkha 1688
Theater in Hohhot
Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Chengde, Qianlong reign; built on the model of Potala Palace, Lhasa
Inner Mongolia Gymnasium
Campaign against the Dzungars in the Qing conquest of Xinjiang 1755–1758
Muslim-themed Street in Hohhot
Lord Macartney saluting the Qianlong Emperor
A KFC in Hohhot, the capital, with a bilingual street sign in Chinese and Mongolian
Commerce on the water, Prosperous Suzhou by Xu Yang, 1759
Inner Mongolian carpet c. 1870
British Steamship destroying Chinese war junks (E. Duncan) (1843)
Temple of the White Sulde of Genghis Khan in the town of Uxin in Inner Mongolia, in the Mu Us Desert. The worship of Genghis is shared by Chinese and Mongolian folk religion.
View of the Canton River, showing the Thirteen Factories in the background, 1850–1855
Sign of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Government forces defeating Taiping armies
Jade dragon of the Hongshan culture (4700 BC – 2900 BC) found in Ongniud, Chifeng
Yixin, Prince Gong
Ulaanbutan grassland
Empress Dowager Cixi (Oil painting by Hubert Vos c. 1905))
Inner Mongolian grassland
Britain, Germany, Russia, France, and Japan dividing China
Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot
Foreign armies in the Forbidden City 1900
Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, Ar Horqin
Yuan Shikai
Khitan people cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Aohan
Qing China in 1911
Remains of the city Khara-Khoto built in 1032. Located in Ejin Khoshuu, Alxa Aimag
Zaifeng, Prince Chun
Maidari Juu temple fortress ({{zh|labels=no |c=美岱召 |p=měidài zhào}}) built by Altan Khan in 1575 near Baotou
A pitched battle between the imperial and revolutionary armies in 1911
Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575)
A postage stamp from Yantai (Chefoo) in the Qing dynasty
Da Zhao temple (also called Ikh Zuu) built by Altan Khan in 1579
A Qing dynasty mandarin
Badekar Monastery (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian
The emperor of China from The Universal Traveller
Five Pagoda temple (1727) in Hohhot
2000–cash Da-Qing Baochao banknote from 1859
Badain Jaran temple (1868) in western Inner Mongolia
The Eighteen Provinces of China proper in 1875
Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954)
Qing China in 1832
Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954)
The Qing dynasty in ca. 1820, with provinces in yellow, military governorates and protectorates in light yellow, tributary states in orange
Alshaa mountain scenery
Brush container symbol of elegant gentry culture
Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756
Chen Clan Ancestral Hall (陈家祠) built in 1894
Patriarchal family
Placard (right to left) in Manchu, Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian Yonghe Lamasery, Beijing
Silver coin: 1 yuan/dollar Xuantong 3rd year - 1911 Chopmark
Xián Fēng Tōng Bǎo (咸豐通寶) 1850–1861 Qing dynasty copper (brass) cash coin
Puankhequa (1714–1788). Chinese merchant and member of a Cohong family.
Pine, Plum and Cranes, 1759, by Shen Quan (1682–1760).
A Daoguang period Peking glass vase. Colored in "Imperial Yellow", due to its association with the Qing.
Jade book of the Qianlong period on display at the British Museum
Landscape by Wang Gai, 1694
The Eighteen Provinces of China proper in 1875

Jilin borders North Korea (Rasŏn, North Hamgyong, Ryanggang and Chagang) and Russia (Primorsky Krai) to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west.

- Jilin

During the Qing Dynasty, much of the area was under the control of the General of Jilin (Girin i Jiyanggiyūn), whose area of control extended to the Sea of Japan to encompass much of what is Russia's Primorsky Krai today.

- Jilin

The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by the Manchu, descendants of a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang.

- Qing dynasty

"Inner Mongolia": This region corresponded to most of modern Inner Mongolia and some neighbouring areas in Liaoning and Jilin provinces. The banners and tribes in this region came under six leagues (chuulghan): Jirim, Juuuda, Josutu, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Yekejuu.

- Inner Mongolia

Until the late 1990s, most of Inner Mongolia's prefectural regions were known as Leagues, a usage retained from Mongol divisions of the Qing dynasty.

- Inner Mongolia

Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size.

- Qing dynasty

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Heilongjiang

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Province in northeast China.

Province in northeast China.

Saint Sofia Church, Harbin
Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces on a 1734 French map
Seal of the Guard General of Heilongjiang at the Heilongjiang General Mansion
Jixi
Winter in Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang Province People's Government
Heilongjiang population pyramid in 2019
Ji Le Temple (Temple of Bliss), a Buddhist temple in Harbin
Heilongjiag Daily Press Group
A Siberian tiger at Harbin Siberian Tiger Park

The province is bordered by Jilin to the south and Inner Mongolia to the west.

Heilongjiang as an administrative entity was created in 1683, during the Kangxi era of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, from the northwestern part of the Jilin province.

Map with historic extent of Manchuria. Inner Manchuria lies in Northeast China, coloured in red. Outer Manchuria to the north and the part today in Inner Mongolia to the west are in lighter red.

Manchuria

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Deprecated in the People's Republic China after 1949 due to its association with Manchurian nationalism and the breakaway of Manchukuo.

Deprecated in the People's Republic China after 1949 due to its association with Manchurian nationalism and the breakaway of Manchukuo.

Map with historic extent of Manchuria. Inner Manchuria lies in Northeast China, coloured in red. Outer Manchuria to the north and the part today in Inner Mongolia to the west are in lighter red.
One of the earliest European maps using the term "Manchuria" (Mandchouria) (John Tallis, 1851). Previously, the term "Chinese Tartary" had been commonly applied in the West to Manchuria and Mongolia
1900s map of Manchuria, in pink
Climate map of Manchuria or Northeast China.
Hailang River near Hailin City in Heilongjiang
A 12th-century Jurchen stone tortoise in today's Ussuriysk
The Three Kingdoms of Korea occupied roughly half of Manchuria, 5th century AD
The Mongol Yuan province of Liaoyang included northern Korea
Manchuria is the homeland of the Jurchens who became the Manchus.
A Jurchen man hunting from his horse, from a 15th-century ink-and-color painting on silk
The Manchu-led Qing dynasty circa 1820. Later Jin area in purple line
Map showing the original border (in pink) between Manchuria and Russia according to the Treaty of Nerchinsk 1689, and subsequent losses of territory to Russia in the treaties of Aigun 1858 (beige) and Peking 1860 (red)
Harbin's Kitayskaya Street (Russian for "Chinese Street"), now Zhongyang Street (Chinese for "Central Street"), before 1945
1940 Manchukuo visa issued at Hamburg
Map of Manchukuo (1933–1945)
Map of the three provinces of Northeast China (1911) {{sfnp|EB|1911}}
Map of Manchukuo and its rail network, c.{{nbsp}}1945
Map with the historic extent of Manchuria. Inner Manchuria lies in Northeast China, colored in red. Outer Manchuria to the north and the part today in Inner Mongolia to the west are in lighter red.

Northeast China is predominantly Han Chinese due to internal Chinese migrations and Sinicization of the Manchus especially during the Qing Dynasty.

(most often) Northeast China, specifically the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, but broadly also including the eastern Inner Mongolian prefectures of Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Tongliao, and Chifeng, and sometimes Xilin Gol;

Northeast China

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Geographical region of China.

Geographical region of China.

A wooden Bodhisattva statue, Jin dynasty, Shanghai Museum
Dalian Hotel at Zhongshan Square in Dalian

It usually corresponds specifically to the three provinces east of the Greater Khingan Range, namely Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, but historically is meant to also encompass the four easternmost prefectures of Inner Mongolia west of the Greater Khingan.

The area has long been known in Indo-European languages as Manchuria, as it was the homeland of the Manchu people who established and ruled the Qing dynasty of China from the 17th to early 20th century.

Aguda, Emperor Taizu of Jurchen Jin

Manchu people

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Officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.

Officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.

Aguda, Emperor Taizu of Jurchen Jin
An imperial portrait of Nurgaci
The Qing Empire ca. 1820
Prince Zaitao dresses in modern reformed uniform of late Qing dynasty
Noblewoman Wanyan Litongji, 1900s
"Banjin Inenggi" and Manchu linguistic activity by the government and students in Changchun, 2011
the cover of the Eight Manchu Banners' Surname-Clans' Book
A musketeer wearing a queue and formal hat
Han and Manchu clothing coexisted during Qing dynasty
Han Chinese clothing in early Qing
Han Chinese general Zhang Zhiyuan wearing Qing military outfit.
Painting of the Qianlong Emperor hunting
Manchu wrestlers competed in front of the Qianlong Emperor
The performance of Manchu palace skaters on holiday
Octagonal drum performance on stage
Akšan, Manchu singer and ulabun artist
Manchu autonomous area in Liaoning.{{#tag:ref|Autonomous counties are shown in bright green. Counties with autonomous townships are in dark green, with the number of Manchu townshipin each county shown in red (or yellow). So are another 2 pictures|group=note}}
Manchu autonomous area in Jilin.
Manchu autonomous area in Hebei.
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party

The Later Jin (1616–1636) and Qing (1636–1912) dynasties of China were established and ruled by the Manchus, who are descended from the Jurchen people who earlier established the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in northern China.

Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing have over 100,000 Manchu residents.

Sui provinces, ca. 610

Provinces of China

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The provincial level administrative divisions are the highest-level administrative divisions of China.

The provincial level administrative divisions are the highest-level administrative divisions of China.

Sui provinces, ca. 610
Tang circuits, ca. 660
Tang circuits, ca. 742
Song circuits, ca. 1111
Yuan provinces, ca. 1330
Ming provinces, ca. 1409
Map comparing political divisions as drawn by the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China.

By the latter half of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), there were 18 provinces, all of them in China proper (內地十八省).

Military leaders or generals oversaw Manchuria (consisting of Fengtian (now Liaoning), Jilin, Heilongjiang), Xinjiang, and Mongolia, while vice-dutong and civilian leaders headed the leagues, a subdivision of Mongolia.

The Republic of China, established in 1912, set up four more provinces in Inner Mongolia and two provinces in historic Tibet, bringing the total to 28.