A report on Inner Mongolia and Manchu people

Aguda, Emperor Taizu of Jurchen Jin
Persian miniature depicting Genghis Khan entering Beijing
An imperial portrait of Nurgaci
The Northern Yuan at its greatest extent
The Qing Empire ca. 1820
Mongolia plateau during early 17th century
Prince Zaitao dresses in modern reformed uniform of late Qing dynasty
Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia within the Qing dynasty, c. 1820
Noblewoman Wanyan Litongji, 1900s
Mongols stand in front of a yurt, 1912
"Banjin Inenggi" and Manchu linguistic activity by the government and students in Changchun, 2011
Delegates of Inner Mongolia People's Congress shouting slogans
the cover of the Eight Manchu Banners' Surname-Clans' Book
Inner Mongolian steppes
A musketeer wearing a queue and formal hat
Topography of Inner Mongolia in China
Han and Manchu clothing coexisted during Qing dynasty
Winter in Ulanbutan Grassland, Hexigten Banner
Han Chinese clothing in early Qing
Theater in Hohhot
Han Chinese general Zhang Zhiyuan wearing Qing military outfit.
Inner Mongolia Gymnasium
Painting of the Qianlong Emperor hunting
Muslim-themed Street in Hohhot
Manchu wrestlers competed in front of the Qianlong Emperor
A KFC in Hohhot, the capital, with a bilingual street sign in Chinese and Mongolian
The performance of Manchu palace skaters on holiday
Inner Mongolian carpet c. 1870
Octagonal drum performance on stage
Temple of the White Sulde of Genghis Khan in the town of Uxin in Inner Mongolia, in the Mu Us Desert. The worship of Genghis is shared by Chinese and Mongolian folk religion.
Akšan, Manchu singer and ulabun artist
Sign of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Manchu autonomous area in Liaoning.{{#tag:ref|Autonomous counties are shown in bright green. Counties with autonomous townships are in dark green, with the number of Manchu townshipin each county shown in red (or yellow). So are another 2 pictures|group=note}}
Jade dragon of the Hongshan culture (4700 BC – 2900 BC) found in Ongniud, Chifeng
Manchu autonomous area in Jilin.
Ulaanbutan grassland
Manchu autonomous area in Hebei.
Inner Mongolian grassland
Manchu Hunting party
Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot
Manchu Hunting party
Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, Ar Horqin
Manchu Hunting party
Khitan people cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Aohan
Manchu Hunting party
Remains of the city Khara-Khoto built in 1032. Located in Ejin Khoshuu, Alxa Aimag
Manchu Hunting party
Maidari Juu temple fortress ({{zh|labels=no |c=美岱召 |p=měidài zhào}}) built by Altan Khan in 1575 near Baotou
Manchu Hunting party
Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575)
Manchu Hunting party
Da Zhao temple (also called Ikh Zuu) built by Altan Khan in 1579
Manchu Hunting party
Badekar Monastery (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian
Manchu Hunting party
Five Pagoda temple (1727) in Hohhot
Manchu Hunting party
Badain Jaran temple (1868) in western Inner Mongolia
Manchu Hunting party
Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954)
Manchu Hunting party
Genghis Khan Mausoleum (1954)
Alshaa mountain scenery
Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756

Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing have over 100,000 Manchu residents.

- Manchu people

The Khitans were later replaced by the Jurchens, precursors to the modern Manchus, who established the Jin dynasty over Manchuria and Northern China.

- Inner Mongolia

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Overall

Shanxi

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Landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region.

Landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region.

Pagoda of Fogong Temple built in 1056
Yan Xishan, warlord of Shanxi during the Republic of China.
Chinese troops marching to defend the mountain pass at Xinkou.
The Shanxi Museum located on the west bank of Fen River in downtown Taiyuan.
The Pagoda of Fogong Temple, Ying County, built in 1056.
A street in Pingyao.
Temple of Guandi in Datong.
Chenghuangshen (City God) Temple of Pingyao.
Western gate of a Temple of Heshen (River God) in Hequ, Xinzhou.

Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west and Inner Mongolia to the north.

The population is mostly Han Chinese with minorities of Mongol, Manchu, and the Hui.

Evenks in 1912

Evenks

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The Evenks (also spelled Ewenki or Evenki based on their endonym Ewenkī(l)) are a Tungusic people of North Asia.

The Evenks (also spelled Ewenki or Evenki based on their endonym Ewenkī(l)) are a Tungusic people of North Asia.

Evenks in 1912
Evenki cradle
Evenks in 1862
Headgear of Evenki women, China
Evenks domicile, chum – Evenks' home in ethnographic museum in Ulan Ude, Russia
Evenks in Sakha Republic
Evenk settlement in Russia by municipal areas and urban districts in percents of the total number of this nation in the Russian Federation. According to the 2010 census
The lands of the Solons (Solonen) near Hailar (Chailar) in the late Qing Empire
Evenki Museum in the Evenki Autonomous Banner
Evenki dwelling made from birch bark, Heilongjiang
Map of Evenk-designated autonomous prefectures and counties in China.
Costume of Evenki shaman in Krasnoyarsk
thumb|left|Shaman costume
thumb|center|Folk ensemble Osiktakan
thumb|right|Spirit tree in Genhe, China
thumb|left|Evenki handiwork
thumb|center|Tools
thumb|right
thumb|left
Settlement of Evenks in the Siberian Federal District by urban and rural settlements in%, 2010 census
Settlement of Evenks in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in%, 2010 census

Also in the Amur valley a body of Siberian Evenki-speaking people were called Orochen by the Manchus.

88.8% of China's Evenks live in the Hulunbuir region in the north of the Inner Mongolia Province, near the city of Hailar.

Empire of Japan

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Historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent formation of modern Japan.

Historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent formation of modern Japan.

The Empire of Japan at its peak in 1942:
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The Naval Battle of Hakodate, May 1869; in the foreground, and of the Imperial Japanese Navy
The Empire of Japan at its peak in 1942:
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Prominent members of the Iwakura mission. Left to right: Kido Takayoshi, Yamaguchi Masuka, Iwakura Tomomi, Itō Hirobumi, Ōkubo Toshimichi
Emperor Meiji, the 122nd emperor of Japan
Ōura Church, Nagasaki
Interior of the Japanese Parliament, showing the Prime Minister speaking addressing the House of Peers, 1915
Prince Aritomo Yamagata, who was twice Prime Minister of Japan. He was one of the main architects of the military and political foundations of early modern Japan.
Baron Masuda Tarokaja, a member of the House of Peers (Kazoku). His father, Baron Masuda Takashi, was responsible for transforming Mitsui into a zaibatsu.
The Tokyo Industrial Exhibition, 1907 (Mitsubishi pavilion and Exhibition halls)
Marunouchi District in 1920, looking towards the Imperial Palace
A 1-yen banknote, 1881
Thomas Blake Glover was a Scottish merchant in Bakumatsu and received Japan's second highest order from Emperor Meiji in recognition of his contributions to Japan's industrialization.
Prince Katsura Tarō, thrice Prime Minister and the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan. Katsura commanded the IJA 3rd Division under his mentor, Field Marshal Yamagata Aritomo, during the First Sino-Japanese War.
Map of the Japanese Empire in 1895. This map was issued shortly after the Japanese invasion of Taiwan and is consequently one of the first Japanese maps to include Taiwan as a possession of Imperial Japan.
Marquess Komura Jutaro, 1911. Komura became Minister for Foreign Affairs under the first Katsura administration, and signed the Boxer Protocol on behalf of Japan.
French illustration of a Japanese assault on entrenched Russian troops during the Russo-Japanese War
Japanese riflemen during the Russo-Japanese War
Count Tadasu Hayashi was the resident minister to the United Kingdom. While serving in London from 1900, he worked to successfully conclude the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and signed on behalf of the government of Japan on January 30, 1902.
Port Arthur viewed from the Top of Gold Hill, after its capitulation in 1905. From left are the wrecks of Russian pre-dreadnought battleships Peresvet, Poltava, Retvizan, Pobeda and the protected cruisers Pallada
Emperor Taishō, the 123rd emperor of Japan
Topographic map of the Empire of Japan in November, 1918
Native Micronesian constables of Truk Island, circa 1930. Truk became a possession of the Empire of Japan under a mandate from the League of Nations following Germany's defeat in World War I.
Commanding Officers and Chiefs of Staff of the Allied Military Mission to Siberia, Vladivostok during the Allied Intervention
Groundbreaking ceremony of Ginza Line, the oldest subway line in Asia, 1925. Front row, right to left: Rudolf Briske, Noritsugu Hayakawa, Furuichi Kōi, Ryutaro Nomura.
Count Itagaki Taisuke is credited as being the first Japanese party leader and an important force for liberalism in Meiji Japan.
Count Katō Komei, the 14th Prime Minister of Japan from June 11, 1924, until his death on January 28, 1926
Emperor Shōwa during an Army inspection on January 8, 1938
Tokyo Kaikan was requisitioned as the meeting place for members of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association (Taisei Yokusankai) in the early days.
Japanese Pan-Asian writer Shūmei Ōkawa
Rebel troops assembling at police headquarters during the February 26 Incident
A bank run during the Shōwa financial crisis, March 1927
National Diet Building, 1930
Political map of the Asia-Pacific region, 1939
Japanese troops entering Shenyang, Northeast China during the Mukden Incident, 1931
The Japanese occupation of Peiping (Beijing) in China, on August 13, 1937. Japanese troops are shown passing from Peiping into the Tartar City through Zhengyangmen, the main gate leading onward to the palaces in the Forbidden City.
IJN Special Naval Landing Forces armed with the Type 11 Light Machine Gun during the Battle of Shanghai, 1937
Signing ceremony for the Axis Powers Tripartite Pact
Founding ceremony of the Hakkō ichiu (All the world under one roof) monument in 1940
A map of the Japanese advance from 1937 to 1942
Victorious Japanese troops march through the city center of Singapore following the city's capture in February 1942 (Photo from the Imperial War Museum)
Imperial Japanese Army paratroopers are landing during the Battle of Palembang, February 13, 1942.
A model representing the attack by dive bombers from USS Yorktown (CV-5) and USS Enterprise (CV-6) on the Japanese aircraft carriers, and in the morning of June 4, 1942, during the Battle of Midway
Group of Type 2 Ka-Mi tanks on board of 2nd class transporter of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1944–1945
The rebuilt battlecruiser sank at her moorings in the naval base of Kure on July 24 during a series of bombings.
The Japanese archipelago and the Korean Peninsula in 1945 (National Geographic)
A drawing depicting a speech in the Imperial Japanese Diet on November 1, 1945, the end of the Second World War. In the foreground there are several Allied soldiers watching the proceedings from the back of the balcony.
From left to right: Marshal Admiral Heihachirō Tōgō (1848–1934), Field Marshal Oku Yasukata (1847–1930), Marshal Admiral Yoshika Inoue (1845–1929), Field Marshal Kageaki Kawamura (1850–1926), at the unveiling ceremony of bronze statue of Field Marshal Iwao Ōyama
Population density map of the Empire of Japan (1920).
Population density map of the Empire of Japan (1940).
War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army
Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan
Flag of the Japanese Emperor

Japan claimed that this invasion was a liberation of the local Manchus from the Chinese, although the majority of the population were Han Chinese as a result of the large scale settlement of Chinese in Manchuria in the 19th century.

1936: Coup attempt (February 26 Incident). Kōki Hirota becomes prime minister (March 9). Japan signs its first pact with Germany (November 25) and reoccupies Tsingtao (December 3). Mengjiang established in Inner Mongolia.

Kangxi Emperor

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The third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1722.

The third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1722.

Portrait of the young Kangxi Emperor in court dress
The Emperor mounted on his horse and guarded by his bodyguards
Armoured Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor in ceremonial armor, armed with bow and arrows, and surrounded by bodyguards.
Kangxi Emperor at 32 (from le Comte's Nouveaux Memoires, 1696)
Emperor Kangxi's camp on Kerulen during the campaign of 1696.
The Kangxi Emperor at the age of 45, painted in 1699
The Kangxi Emperor returning to Beijing after a southern inspection tour in 1689.
The Kangxi Emperor's Last Will and Testament
A vase from the early Kangxi period (Guimet Museum)
Jesuit astronomers of the Jesuit China missions, with the Kangxi Emperor (Beauvais, 1690–1705)
The Kangxi Emperor on a tour, seated prominently on the deck of a junk.
Middle-aged Kangxi
A turtle-based stele with the Kangxi Emperor's inscription, erected in 1699 at the Nanjing mausoleum of the Hongwu Emperor, honouring the founder of the preceding Ming dynasty as surpassing the founders of the Tang and Song dynasties.
Portrait of the old Kangxi Emperor in court dress

In 1690, the Dzungars and Qing forces clashed at the Battle of Ulan Butung in Inner Mongolia, in which the Qing eventually emerged as the victor.

The transition from the Ming dynasty to the Qing was a cataclysm whose central event was the fall of the capital Beijing to the peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng, then to the Manchus in 1644, and the installation of the five-year-old Shunzhi Emperor on their throne.