Insomnia
trouble sleepingsleeplessnessdifficulty sleepingsleep aidunable to sleepsleeping problemsPrimary insomniasleep aidsinsomniacinsomniacs
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which people have trouble sleeping.wikipedia


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Sleep disorder
sleep disorderssleep disturbancesleep disturbances
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which people have trouble sleeping.
When a person suffers from difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep with no obvious cause, it is referred to as insomnia.


Sleep hygiene
careful daily sleep practices
Sleep hygiene and lifestyle changes are typically the first treatment for insomnia.
Sleep hygiene is a behavioral and environmental practice developed in the late 1970s as a method to help people with mild to moderate insomnia but, the evidence for effectiveness of individual recommendations is "limited and inconclusive".
Caffeine
caffeinatedHealth effects of caffeineNo-Doz
Conditions that can result in insomnia include psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, restless leg syndrome, menopause, certain medications, and drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol.
Some people experience sleep disruption or anxiety if they consume caffeine, but others show little disturbance.







Middle-of-the-night insomnia
nocturnal awakeningsmiddle-of-the-night awakeningsleep maintenance insomnia
Two-thirds of these patients wake up in the middle of the night, with more than half having trouble falling back to sleep after a middle-of-the-night awakening.
This kind of insomnia (sleeplessness) is different from initial or sleep-onset insomnia, which consists of having difficulty falling asleep at the beginning of sleep.
Delayed sleep phase disorder
delayed sleep phase syndromeDSPDa delay
Patients with some disorders, including delayed sleep phase disorder, are often mis-diagnosed with primary insomnia; when a person has trouble getting to sleep and awakening at desired times, but has a normal sleep pattern once asleep, a circadian rhythm disorder is a likely cause.
It is responsible for 7–13% of patient complaints of chronic insomnia.


Nicotine
nicotine addictionnicotine sulfateaddicted to nicotine
Conditions that can result in insomnia include psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, restless leg syndrome, menopause, certain medications, and drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol.







MDMA
ecstasyMethylenedioxymethamphetamineE
Adverse effects include addiction, memory problems, paranoia, difficulty sleeping, teeth grinding, blurred vision, sweating, and a rapid heartbeat.






Sleep state misperception
are not aware of itParadoxical insomnia
Some cases of insomnia are not really insomnia in the traditional sense, because people experiencing sleep state misperception often sleep for a normal amount of time.
While SSM is regarded a sub-type of insomnia, it is also established as a separate sleep-condition, with distinct pathophysiology.

Chronic pain
chronicpainChronic pain syndrome
Conditions that can result in insomnia include psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, restless leg syndrome, menopause, certain medications, and drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol.
Dopaminergic dysfunction has been hypothesized to act as a shared mechanism between chronic pain, insomnia and major depressive disorder.
Generalized anxiety disorder
general anxiety disordergeneralized anxietyanxiety
Symptoms may include excessive worry, restlessness, trouble sleeping, feeling tired, irritability, sweating, and trembling.

Cognitive behavioral therapy
cognitive behavioural therapycognitive-behavioral therapyCBT
Cognitive behavioral therapy may be added to this.
CCBT was found to be equally effective as face-to-face CBT in adolescent anxiety and insomnia.



Major depressive disorder
depressionclinical depressionmajor depression
Early morning awakening is often a characteristic of depression.
Insomnia is common among the depressed.






Shift work
shiftgraveyard shiftnight shift
Other risk factors include working night shifts and sleep apnea.
Shift work sleep disorder is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both.





Methylphenidate
RitalinConcertaMethylin
The most common adverse effects include appetite loss, dry mouth, anxiety/nervousness, nausea, and insomnia.






Opioid use disorder
heroin addictionopioid addictionheroin addict









Fatal insomnia
Fatal familial insomniaInsomnia, fatal familialfamilial fatal insomnia
Fatal insomnia is a rare disorder that results in trouble sleeping.




Amphetamine
Benzedrinespeedamphetamines
At normal therapeutic doses, the most common psychological side effects of amphetamine include increased alertness, apprehension, concentration, initiative, self-confidence and sociability, mood swings (elated mood followed by mildly depressed mood), insomnia or wakefulness, and decreased sense of fatigue.
Bipolar disorder
bipolarmanic depressionmanic depressive
Symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, irritability or anger, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, excessive or inappropriate guilt, hopelessness, sleeping too much or not enough, changes in appetite and/or weight, fatigue, problems concentrating, self-loathing or feelings of worthlessness, and thoughts of death or suicide.









Lorazepam
Ativanbenzodiazepine lorazepamdrug of the same name
Like alcohol, benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam, are commonly used to treat insomnia in the short-term (both prescribed and self-medicated), but worsen sleep in the long-term.
It is used to treat anxiety disorders, trouble sleeping, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.


Diazepam
ValiumDizacCANA
Like alcohol, benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam, are commonly used to treat insomnia in the short-term (both prescribed and self-medicated), but worsen sleep in the long-term.
It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, seizures, trouble sleeping, and restless legs syndrome.


Benzodiazepine
benzodiazepinesbenzodiazapinesbenzo
Like alcohol, benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam, are commonly used to treat insomnia in the short-term (both prescribed and self-medicated), but worsen sleep in the long-term.
These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures.








Jet lag
jetlagjet-lagjet lag syndrome
Cognitive effects include poorer performance on mental tasks and concentration; dizziness, nausea, insomnia, confusion, anxiety, increased fatigue, headaches, and irritability; and problems with digestion, including indigestion, changes in the frequency of defecation and consistency of faeces, and reduced interest in and enjoyment of food.
Cardiovascular disease
heart diseasecardiac diseasecardiovascular
Sleep disorders such as [[Sleep and breathing#Sleep-disordered breathing (abnormal sleep and breathing or sleep-related breathing disorders)|sleep disordered breathing]] and insomnia, as well as particularly short duration of sleep or particularly long duration of sleep, have been found to be associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk.


Sleep
sleepingsleep architectureasleep
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which people have trouble sleeping.
Humans may suffer from various sleep disorders, including dyssomnias such as insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea; parasomnias such as sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder; bruxism; and circadian rhythm sleep disorders.









Depressant
depressantsdownerscentral depressant
These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures.

