A report on Laos and Insurgency in Laos

Pha That Luang in Vientiane is the national symbol of Laos.

Fa Ngum, founder of the Lan Xang Kingdom

Local Lao soldiers in the French Colonial guard, c. 1900

French General Salan and Prince Sisavang Vatthana in Luang Prabang, 4 May 1953

Ruins of Muang Khoun, former capital of Xiangkhouang province, destroyed by the American bombing of Laos in the late 1960s

Mekong River flowing through Luang Prabang

Laos map of Köppen climate classification.

Flag of the ruling Lao People's Revolutionary Party

Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and ASEAN heads of state in New Delhi on 25 January 2018

Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith with Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2016

A proportional representation of Laos exports, 2019

Near the sanctuary on the main upper level of Vat Phou, looking back towards the Mekong River

Rivers are an important means of transport in Laos.

Pha That Luang in Vientiane. The Buddhist stupa that is a national symbol of Laos.

National University of Laos in Vientiane.

Lao dancers during the New Year celebration

Wat Nong Sikhounmuang - buddhist pagoda in Luang Prabang.

These groups have faced reprisals from the Lao People's Army and Vietnam People's Army for their support of the U.S.-led, anti-communist military campaigns in Laos during the Laotian Civil War, which the insurgency is an extension of itself.

- Insurgency in Laos

The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province.

- Laos

5 related topics with Alpha

Areas of Laos controlled by the Pathet Lao and bombed by the United States Air Force in support of the Kingdom of Laos.

Laotian Civil War

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French General Salan and Prince Sisavang in the Lao capital, Luang Prabang, 4 May 1953

The Ho Chi Minh trail was used by Vietnamese and Laotian people from the very beginning. Captured Viet Cong, circa 1959

The Laotian Armed Forces training Center at Khang Khai, Laos, March 1960

Anti-communist Hmong guerrilla troops in 1961.

Barrel Roll and Steel Tiger operational area, 1965.

Damage caused by a communist ground attack on Luang Prabang airfield, 1967

North Vietnamese troops march through Laos, 1967

Barrel Roll, Steel Tiger and Tiger Hound operational areas.

A U.S. Air Force Bell UH-1P from the 20th Special Operations Squadron "Green Hornets" at a base in Laos, 1970.

A Royal Lao Air Force (RLAF) North American T-28D-5 Trojan armed trainer loaded with bombs at Long Tieng airfield in Laos, September 1972

Pathet Lao soldiers in Vientiane, Laos, 1973

Hmong woman and child at Long Tieng, Laos military base in 1973.

Laotians hired to assist U.S. troops assigned with the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command sift then move tons of dirt on a mountain near Xépôn, Laos (July 2004)

Unexploded cluster sub-munition, probably a BLU-26 type. Plain of Jars, Laos. 2012

Anti-aircraft troops of the Laotian Peoples Liberation Army.

The Laotian Civil War (1959–1975) was a civil war in Laos which was waged between the Communist Pathet Lao and the Royal Lao Government from 23 May 1959 to 2 December 1975.

Over 40,000 people died in the conflict.

Clockwise from top left: U.S. combat operations in Ia Đrăng

ARVN Rangers defending Saigon during the 1968 Tết Offensive

Two A-4C Skyhawks after the Gulf of Tonkin incident

ARVN recapture Quảng Trị during the 1972 Easter Offensive

Civilians fleeing the 1972 Battle of Quảng Trị

Burial of 300 victims of the 1968 Huế Massacre

Vietnam War

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Ba Cut in Can Tho Military Court 1956, commander of religious movement the Hòa Hảo, which had fought against the Việt Minh, Vietnamese National Army and Cao Dai movement throughout the first war

Map of insurgency and "disturbances", 1957 to 1960

U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles greet President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam in Washington, 8 May 1957

The Ho Chi Minh trail, known as the Truong Son Road by the North Vietnamese, cuts through Laos. This would develop into a complex logistical system which would allow the North Vietnamese to maintain the war effort despite the largest aerial bombardment campaign in history

The Ho Chi Minh trail required, on average, four months of rough-terrain travel for combatants from North Vietnam destined for the Southern battlefields.

President Kennedy's news conference of 23 March 1961

Ngô Đình Diệm after being shot and killed in a coup on 2 November 1963

A U.S. B-66 Destroyer and four F-105 Thunderchiefs dropping bombs on North Vietnam during Operation Rolling Thunder

ARVN Forces and a US Advisor inspect a downed helicopter, Battle of Dong Xoai, June 1965

A Marine from 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines, moves a suspected Viet Cong during a search and clear operation held by the battalion 15 mi west of Da Nang Air Base, 1965.

Peasants suspected of being Viet Cong under detention of U.S. Army, 1966

Heavily bandaged woman burned by napalm, with a tag attached to her arm which reads "VNC Female" meaning Vietnamese civilian

A US "tunnel rat" soldier prepares to enter a Viet Cong tunnel.

Viet Cong soldier crouches in a bunker with an SKS rifle

ARVN forces assault a stronghold in the Mekong Delta.

Viet Cong before departing to participate in the Tet Offensive around Saigon-Gia Dinh

The ruins of a section of Saigon, in the Cholon neighborhood, following fierce fighting between ARVN forces and Viet Cong Main Force battalions

Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin with U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson at the Glassboro Summit Conference where the two representatives discussed the possibilities of a peace settlement

Propaganda leaflet urging the defection of Viet Cong and North Vietnamese to the side of the Republic of Vietnam

ARVN and US Special Forces, September 1968

An alleged Viet Cong captured during an attack on an American outpost near the Cambodian border is interrogated.

Soviet advisers inspecting the debris of a B-52 downed in the vicinity of Hanoi

American POWs recently released from North Vietnamese prison camps, 1973

Civilians in a NVA/Viet Cong controlled zone. Civilians were required to show appropriate flags, during the War of the flags

Memorial commemorating the 1974 Buon Me Thuot campaign, depicting a Montagnard of the Central Highlands, a NVA soldier and a T-54 tank

Victorious PAVN troops at the Presidential Palace, Saigon

Ho Chi Minh from the Việt Minh independence movement and Việt Cộng with East German sailors in Stralsund harbour, 1957

Leonid Brezhnev (left) was the Soviet Union's leader during the Vietnam War.

Soviet anti-air instructors and North Vietnamese crewmen in the spring of 1965 at an anti-aircraft training center in Vietnam

Vietnam People's Air Force pilots walk by their aircraft, the MiG-17. The development of the North Vietnamese Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) during the war was assisted by Warsaw Pact nations throughout the war. Between 1966 and 1972 a total of 17 flying aces was credited by the VPAF against US fighters.

Fidel Castro meeting with Võ Nguyên Giáp at the Vietnam Military History Museum

East German solidarity stamp depicting a Vietnamese mother and child with the text "Unconquerable Vietnam"

The Thai Queen's Cobra battalion in Phuoc Tho

Napalm burn victims during the war being treated at the 67th Combat Support Hospital

Interment of victims of the Huế Massacre

Master-Sergeant and pharmacist Do Thi Trinh, part of the WAFC, supplying medication to ARVN dependents

Memorial temple to Nguyễn Thị Định and the female volunteers of the Viet Cong whom she commanded. They came to call themselves the "Long-Haired Army".

A wounded African-American soldier being carried away, 1968

Guerrillas assemble shells and rockets delivered along the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

UH-1D helicopters airlift members of a U.S. infantry regiment, 1966

North Vietnamese SAM crew in front of SA-2 launcher. The Soviet Union provided North Vietnam with considerable anti-air defence around installations.

Bombs being dropped by the B-52 Stratofortress long-range strategic bomber.

B-52 wreckage in Huu Tiep Lake, Hanoi. Downed during Operation Linebacker II, its remains have turned into a war monument.

Vietnamese refugees fleeing Vietnam, 1984

A bombed Buddha statue in Laos. U.S. bombing campaigns made Vietnam the single most bombed country in history.

Captured U.S.-supplied armored vehicles and artillery pieces

A young Marine private waits on the beach during the Marine landing, Da Nang, 3 August 1965

A marine gets his wounds treated during operations in Huế City, in 1968

Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and General Westmoreland talk with General Tee on conditions of the war in Vietnam.

U.S. helicopter spraying chemical defoliants in the Mekong Delta, South Vietnam, 1969

Handicapped children in Vietnam, most of them victims of Agent Orange, 2004

Cemetery for ten unmarried girls who volunteered for logistical activities, who died in a B-52 raid at Đồng Lộc Junction, a strategic junction along the Ho Chi Minh trail

Stone plaque with photo of the "Thương tiếc" (Mourning Soldier) statue, originally, installed at the Republic of Vietnam National Military Cemetery. The original statue was demolished in April 1975.

The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

The conflict between Hmong rebels and the Pathet Lao continued in isolated pockets.

Ban Tha Lat, Mon inscription (9th CE), was found in 1968, in an area where other pieces of
archaeological evidence testified to an ancient Mon presence. It is now at Ho Phra Kaeo Museum, Vientiane, Laos

Vientiane

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Haw Phra Kaew or Temple of the Emerald Buddha

Older taxis in Vientiane are being replaced by newer Chinese-made cars, like this Soueast Lioncel.

Vientiane (, ; ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, ) is the capital and largest city of Laos.

The next day, an Insurgency in Laos began in the jungle, with the Pathet Lao fighting factions of Hmong and royalists.

People's Army of Vietnam

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Military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

General Võ Nguyên Giáp on the date of the PAVN's establishment in 1944. Chief of General Staff Hoàng Văn Thái wearing a pith helmet and holding the flag.

Infiltrators on the move in Laos down the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

Captured photo shows VC crossing a river in 1966.

Vietnam Map with eight Military Districts and four Corps

Soon after the 1954 Geneva Accords, the 330th and 338th Divisions were formed by southern Viet Minh members who had moved north in conformity with that agreement, and by 1955, six more divisions were formed: the 328th, 332nd and 350th in the north of the North Vietnam, the 305th and the 324th near the DMZ, and the 335 Division of soldiers repatriated from Laos.

The Center for Public Policy Analysis and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as Laotian and Hmong human rights organisations, including the Lao Human Rights Council, Inc. and the United League for Democracy in Laos, Inc., have provided evidence that since the end of the Vietnam War, significant numbers of Vietnamese military and security forces continue to be sent to Laos, on a repeated basis, to quell and suppress Laotian political and religious dissident and opposition groups including the peaceful 1999 Lao Students for Democracy protest in Vientiane in 1999 and the Hmong rebellion.

Vang Pao

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Major general in the Royal Lao Army.

Vang, an ethnic Hmong, was born on 8 December 1929, in a Hmong village named Nonghet, located in Central Xiangkhuang Province, in the northeastern region of Laos, where his father, Neng Chu Vang, was a county leader.

He remained widely respected by his fellow Hmong and was an esteemed elder of the American Hmong people, many of whom experienced the war or the reprisals that followed.