A report on Ulster and Irish Rebellion of 1641

Felim O'Neill of Kinard, leader of the Rebellion
Ireland in 1609, showing the major Plantations of Ireland
Ulster (coloured), showing Northern Ireland in pink and the Republic of Ireland part in green
Etching, by Jan Luyken, depicting the execution of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford in May 1641
A bronze statue commemorating The Flight of the Earls at Rathmullan in north County Donegal.
English atrocity propaganda of alleged rebel attacks on women and children
A modern Protestant mural in Belfast celebrating Oliver Cromwell and his activities.
James Butler, Duke of Ormond, who commanded the royal army during the rebellion
Royal Avenue, Belfast. Photochrom print circa 1890–1900.
The Great Seal of the Irish Catholic Confederation, with the motto "Irishmen united for God, king and country"
The results of the 1918 Irish general election, in which Sinn Féin and the Irish Parliamentary Party won the majority of votes on the island of Ireland, shown in the color green and light green respectively, with the exception being primarily in the East of the province of Ulster.
At White Park Bay
Countryside west of Ballynahinch
Mourne country cottage
The track of the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee (CDRJC) restored next to Lough Finn, near Fintown station.
The approach of autumn, Tardree forest

Led by Felim O'Neill, the rebellion began on 23 October and although they failed to seize Dublin Castle, within days the rebels occupied most of the northern province of Ulster.

- Irish Rebellion of 1641

The inflow of Protestant settlers and migrants also led to bouts of sectarian violence with Catholics, notably during the 1641 rebellion and the Armagh disturbances.

- Ulster

12 related topics with Alpha

Overall

The counties of Ulster (modern boundaries) that were colonised during the plantations. This map is a simplified one, as the amount of land actually colonised did not cover the entire shaded area.

Plantation of Ulster

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The counties of Ulster (modern boundaries) that were colonised during the plantations. This map is a simplified one, as the amount of land actually colonised did not cover the entire shaded area.
A map of southern Ulster c.1609, just before the Plantation
Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland, one of the main planners of the Plantation
A plan of the new city of Londonderry c.1622
Percentage of Catholics in each electoral division in Ulster. Based on census figures from 2001 (UK) and 2006 (ROI).
0–10% dark orange, 10–30% mid orange,
30–50% light orange, 50–70% light green,
70–90% mid green, 90–100% dark green
Ireland Protestants 1861–2011 (The (dark) blue areas include other non-Catholics and non-religious).

The Plantation of Ulster (Ulster-Scots: Plantin o Ulstèr) was the organised colonisation (plantation) of Ulster – a province of Ireland – by people from Great Britain during the reign of King James I.

It also resulted in many of the native Irish nobility losing their land and led to centuries of ethnic and sectarian animosity, which at times spilled into conflict, notably in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and more recently, the Troubles.

Lithograph copy of a contemporary painting of O'Neill

Owen Roe O'Neill

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Lithograph copy of a contemporary painting of O'Neill
The Green harp flag, stated as being used by O'Neill in 1642
O'Neill's Ulster Army was closely aligned with the policies of the Papal envoy Giovanni Battista Rinuccini.

Irish: Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill (c. 1585 – 1649) was a Gaelic Irish soldier and one of the most famous of the O'Neill dynasty of Ulster.

After the Irish Rebellion of 1641, O'Neill returned and took command of the Irish Confederate Ulster Army.

The traditional counties of Ireland subjected to plantations (from 1556 to 1620). This map is a simplified one, as in the case of some counties the area of land colonised did not cover the whole of the area coloured.

Plantations of Ireland

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Plantations in 16th- and 17th-century Kingdom of Ireland involved the confiscation of Irish-owned land by the English Crown and the colonisation of this land with settlers from Great Britain.

Plantations in 16th- and 17th-century Kingdom of Ireland involved the confiscation of Irish-owned land by the English Crown and the colonisation of this land with settlers from Great Britain.

The traditional counties of Ireland subjected to plantations (from 1556 to 1620). This map is a simplified one, as in the case of some counties the area of land colonised did not cover the whole of the area coloured.
A more detailed map of the areas subjected to plantations
Political boundaries in Ireland in 1450, before the plantations
The Irish Gaelic chieftain receives the priest's blessing before departing to fight the English, who are shown in full armour.
Hugh O'Neill, who led Gaelic resistance to the English conquest of Ulster
A portion of the city walls of Derry, originally built in 1613–1619 to defend the plantation settlement there.
Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who amassed huge quantities of land in southern Ireland in the early 17th century
Lismore Castle, County Waterford, acquired by Boyle and turned from a fortress into a stately home
Thomas Wentworth, who planned a major seizure of Catholic-owned land in the late 1630s
Oliver Cromwell, under whose Commonwealth regime most Catholic land in Ireland was confiscated
Concentration of Irish Protestants in eastern and central Ulster.

The Ulster plantation was one cause of the 1641 Irish Rebellion, during which thousands of settlers were killed, expelled or fled.

In the 1570s, there was an attempt to colonize parts of east Ulster, which had formerly been part of the English Earldom of Ulster.

Sir Phelim O'Neill

Felim O'Neill of Kinard

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Sir Phelim O'Neill
Charles I by Daniël Mijtens

Sir Phelim Roe O'Neill of Kinard (Irish: Féilim Rua Ó Néill na Ceann Ard; 1604–1653) was an Irish politician and soldier who started the Irish rebellion in Ulster on 23 October 1641.

Václav Hollar's engraving of supposed atrocities committed by Irish Catholics in the rebellion of 1641

Irish Confederate Wars

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The Irish Confederate Wars, also called the Eleven Years' War (from Cogadh na hAon-déag mBliana), took place in Ireland between 1641 and 1653.

The Irish Confederate Wars, also called the Eleven Years' War (from Cogadh na hAon-déag mBliana), took place in Ireland between 1641 and 1653.

Václav Hollar's engraving of supposed atrocities committed by Irish Catholics in the rebellion of 1641
Kilkenny Castle, seat of the Confederate General Assembly
Inchiquin, commander in Munster, who defected to Parliament in 1644, then returned to the Royalists in 1648; an example of the complex mix of loyalties and motives
Bunratty Castle, besieged and taken by the Irish Confederates from an English Parliamentarian force in 1646.
Oliver Cromwell landed in Ireland in 1649 to re-conquer the country on behalf of the English Parliament. He left in 1650, having taken eastern and southern Ireland – passing his command to Henry Ireton.
Galway; the last Irish town to fall to the Parliamentarians, in 1652.

The war in Ireland began with a rebellion in 1641 by Irish Catholics, who tried to seize control of the English administration in Ireland.

These first few months were marked by ethnic cleansing and massacres in Ulster.

Oliver Cromwell, who landed in Ireland in 1649 to re-conquer the country on behalf of the English Parliament. He left in 1650, having taken eastern and southern Ireland, passing his command to Henry Ireton.

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland

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The re-conquest of Ireland by the forces of the English Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

The re-conquest of Ireland by the forces of the English Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Oliver Cromwell, who landed in Ireland in 1649 to re-conquer the country on behalf of the English Parliament. He left in 1650, having taken eastern and southern Ireland, passing his command to Henry Ireton.
Kilkenny Castle. The Irish Confederate capital of Kilkenny fell to Cromwell in 1650.
Henry Ireton. Cromwell passed the command of Parliamentarian forces in Ireland to Ireton in 1650. He died of disease at the Siege of Limerick in 1651.
King John's Castle and Thomond Bridge, Limerick city. Ireton took Limerick in 1651 after a long siege.
The heavily fortified city of Galway in 1651. It was the last Irish stronghold to fall to the Parliamentarians, surrendering in 1652.
After Cromwell's victory, huge areas of land were confiscated and the Irish Catholics were banished to the lands of Connacht.

Following the Irish Rebellion of 1641, most of Ireland came under the control of the Irish Catholic Confederation.

However, up to 11,000 men, mostly in Ulster, were still thought to be in the field at the end of the year.

Ireland at the beginning of the Tudor period.

Tudor conquest of Ireland

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The Tudor conquest (or reconquest) of Ireland took place under the Tudor dynasty, which held the Kingdom of England during the 16th century.

The Tudor conquest (or reconquest) of Ireland took place under the Tudor dynasty, which held the Kingdom of England during the 16th century.

Ireland at the beginning of the Tudor period.
Silken Thomas; his family the FitzGeralds had strong Yorkist leanings and he led a rising in Kildare against the Tudor monarchy of Henry VIII.
Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy of Ireland under Elizabeth I, sets out from Dublin Castle. Detail from a plate in The Image of Irelande, by John Derrick (London, 1581).
Multilingual phrase book compiled by Sir Christopher Nugent for Elizabeth I of England.
Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone

Among the most important septs were the O'Neills (Uí Néill) in central Ulster (Tír Eóghain), flanked to their west by the O'Donnells (Uí Dhomnaill); the O'Byrnes (Uí Bhroin) and O'Tooles (Uí Thuathail) in County Wicklow; the Kavanaghs (Uí Chaomhánach) in County Wexford; the MacCarthys ((Uí) Mhic Chárthaigh) and O'Sullivans (Uí Shúilleabháin) in County Cork and County Kerry; and the O'Brien (Uí Bhriain) lordship of Thomond in County Clare.

However the native Irish (both Gaelic and Old English) remained the majority landowners in the country until after the Irish Rebellion of 1641.

Road sign in Northern Ireland with the reference to London obscured

Derry

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Second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest city on the island of Ireland.

Second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest city on the island of Ireland.

Road sign in Northern Ireland with the reference to London obscured
Road signs in the Republic of Ireland use Derry and the Irish Doire.
Unionist graffiti c1920 showing the short version of the name.
A portion of the city walls of Derry
Bishops Street Gate
St Columb's Cathedral
Map of County Londonderry, 1837
The war memorial in The Diamond, erected 1927
Bogside area viewed from the walls
"Free Derry Corner" at the corner of Lecky Road and Fahan Street in the Bogside. The slogan was first painted in January 1969 by John Casey.
Derry's arms on an old fire station
Derry map provided by OpenStreetMap
The Craigavon Bridge
Ebrington Square
"No Surrender" mural outside city wall, taken in 2004
Du Pont facility at Maydown
Seagate production facility
Austins department store
St Eugene's Cathedral
Bishop Street Courthouse
Long Tower Church
Derry Guildhall
Peace Bridge in Derry
The Foyle Bridge showing Derry-to-Belfast rail link
Ireland's railway network in 1906
A mass of surrendered German U-boats at their mooring at Lisahally
Magee College became a campus of Ulster University in 1969.
The Derry GAA team ahead of the 2009 National League final
Hands Across the Divide sculpture, by Maurice Harron
Peace Flame Monument, unveiled in May 2013
Millennium Forum, Newmarket Street

During the 1640s, the city suffered in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which began with the Irish Rebellion of 1641, when the Gaelic Irish insurgents made a failed attack on the city.

In spite of it being the second city of Northern Ireland (and it being the second-largest city in all of Ulster), road and rail links to other cities are below par for its standing.

Changes in distribution of Irish Protestants, 1861–2011

Ulster Protestants

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Changes in distribution of Irish Protestants, 1861–2011
Percentage of Protestants in each electoral division in Ulster, based on census figures from 2001 (UK) and 2006 (ROI).
0-10% dark green, 10-30% mid-green,
30-50% light green, 50-70% light orange,
70-90% mid-orange, 90-100% dark orange.

Ulster Protestants (Protastúnaigh Ultach) are an ethnoreligious group in the Irish province of Ulster, where they make up about 43% of the population.

In 1641 there was an uprising by Irish Catholics in Ulster who wanted an end to anti-Catholic discrimination, greater Irish self-governance, and to undo the plantations.

The Church of Ireland's national Cathedral and Collegiate Church of Saint Patrick, Dublin

Protestantism in Ireland

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Christian minority on the island of Ireland.

Christian minority on the island of Ireland.

The Church of Ireland's national Cathedral and Collegiate Church of Saint Patrick, Dublin
Concentration of Protestants in Ireland per county.

By 1607 a steady supply of Scottish Protestants were migrating to eastern Ulster, settling on the estates of Hamilton, MacDonnell, and Montgomery.

By the 1630s, more than a quarter of land in Ireland was owned by Protestants, by the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, they held roughly three-fifths.