A report on Kingdom of Italy, Veneto, Italy and Tuscany

Map of the Kingdom of Italy at its greatest extent in 1943

Venice, the primary tourist destination and the capital of Veneto

Expansion of the territory called "Italy" from ancient Greece until Diocletian

Thornthwaite climate classification of Tuscany

The Iron Crown of Lombardy, for centuries a symbol of the Kings of Italy

Italian unification between 1815 and 1870

Marco Polo, explorer of the 13th century, recorded his 24 years-long travels in the Book of the Marvels of the World, introducing Europeans to Central Asia and China.

Count Camillo Benso of Cavour, the first Prime Minister of the unified Italy

The Italian states before the beginning of the Italian Wars in 1494

The Chimera of Arezzo, Etruscan bronze, 400 BC

Victor Emmanuel II, the first King of the united Italy

Leonardo da Vinci, the quintessential Renaissance man, in a self-portrait (ca. 1512, Royal Library, Turin)

Giuseppe Garibaldi, a major military leader during Italian unification

Christopher Columbus leads an expedition to the New World, 1492. His voyages are celebrated as the discovery of the Americas from a European perspective, and they opened a new era in the history of humankind and sustained contact between the two worlds.

A factory machinery exposition in Turin, set in 1898, during the period of early industrialization, National Exhibition of Turin, 1898

Flag of the Cispadane Republic, which was the first Italian tricolour adopted by a sovereign Italian state (1797)

Hanging and burning of Girolamo Savonarola in Piazza della Signoria in Florence 1498 - Painting depicting Renaissance Florence

The Tetrarchs were the four co-rulers who governed the Roman Empire as long as Diocletian's reform lasted. Here they are portrayed embracing, in a posture of harmony, in a porphyry sculpture dating from the 4th century, produced in Anatolia, located today on a corner of St Mark's Basilica in Venice.

Holographic copy of 1847 of Il Canto degli Italiani, the Italian national anthem since 1946

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milano was an architectural work created by Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877 and named after the first King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II.

The Horses of Saint Mark, brought as loot from Constantinople in 1204.

Animated map of the Italian unification from 1829 to 1871

Memorial to the victims of the Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre, in which 560 locals were murdered by Nazi Germans and Italian Fascists in 1944

The Triple Alliance in 1913, shown in red

An 18th-century view of Venice by Canaletto.

The Victor Emmanuel II Monument in Rome, a national symbol of Italy celebrating the first king of the unified country, and resting place of the Italian Unknown Soldier since the end of World War I. It was inaugurated in 1911, on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Unification of Italy.

The 13th-century Castel Brando in Cison di Valmarino, Treviso.

The fascist dictator Benito Mussolini titled himself Duce and ruled the country from 1922 to 1943.

A painting from the Sienese School by Pietro Lorenzetti

Francesco Crispi promoted the Italian colonialism in Africa in the late 19th century.

Areas controlled by the Italian Empire at its peak

The Ain Zara oasis during the Italo-Turkish War: propaganda postcard made by the Italian Army

St Mark's Basilica, the seat of the Patriarch of Venice.

Italian partisans in Milan during the Italian Civil War, April 1945

Tuscan poet and literary figure Petrarch

Italian mounted infantry in China during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900

Alcide De Gasperi, first republican Prime Minister of Italy and one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union

An assortment of Tuscan foods: various wine and cheese, and different sorts of salamis and hams

Italian dirigibles bomb Turkish positions in Libya, as the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912 was the first in history in which air attacks (carried out here by dirigible airships) determined the outcome.

The signing ceremony of the Treaty of Rome on 25 March 1957, creating the European Economic Community, forerunner of the present-day European Union

Giovanni Giolitti was Prime Minister of Italy five times between 1892 and 1921.

Funerals of the victims of the Bologna bombing of 2 August 1980, the deadliest attack ever perpetrated in Italy during the Years of Lead

The Via de' Tornabuoni in Florence, the city's top fashion and shopping street, contains some of the world's most luxurious clothing and jewelry houses, such as Cartier, Ferragamo, Gucci, Versace and Bulgari

Italy and its colonial possessions at the time of the outbreak of World War I: the area between British Egypt and the firmly held Italian territories is the region of southern Cyrenaica which was under dispute of ownership between Italy and the United Kingdom.

The Prato della Valle in Padua, a work of Italian Renaissance architecture.

Italian government task force to face the COVID-19 emergency

Sunflower field near Castiglione della Pescaia, Maremma

Gabriele D'Annunzio, national poet (vate) of Italy and a prominent nationalist revolutionary who was a supporter of Italy joining action in World War I

Tuscan landscape near Barga between the Apuan Alps and the Apennine Mountains

Generalissimo Luigi Cadorna (the man to the left of two officers to whom he is speaking) while visiting British batteries during World War I

Antonio Canova's Psyche Revived by Love's Kiss.

Dolphins in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Aeolian Islands

Italian propaganda poster depicting the Battle of the Piave River

The Church of Santa Maria della Salute in Venice

Members of the Arditi corps in 1918. More than 650,000 Italian soldiers lost their lives on the battlefields of World War I.

Gran Paradiso, established in 1922, is the oldest Italian national park.

Armando Diaz, Chief of Staff of the Italian Army since November 1917, halted the Austro-Hungarian advance along the Piave River and launched counter-offensives which led to a decisive victory on the Italian Front. He is celebrated as one of the greatest generals of World War I.

The Italian wolf, the national animal of Italy

Italian propaganda dropped over Vienna by Gabriele D'Annunzio in 1918

Köppen-Geiger climate classification map of Italy

Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (2nd from left) at the World War I peace negotiations in Versailles with David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson (from left)

The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of Italy.

Residents of Fiume cheering D'Annunzio and his Legionari in September 1919, when Fiume had 22,488 (62% of the population) Italians in a total population of 35,839 inhabitants

Benito Mussolini (second from left) and his Fascist Blackshirts in 1920

An Alfa Romeo 159 vehicle of the Carabinieri corps

A page from Fibonacci's Liber Abaci (1202)

Mussolini was initially a highly popular leader in Italy until Italy's military failures in World War II.

Group photo of the G7 leaders at the 43rd G7 summit in Taormina

Haile Selassie's resistance to the Italian invasion of Ethiopia made him Man of the Year in 1935 by Time.

Heraldic coat of arms of the Italian Armed Forces

Dante Alighieri, author of the Divine Comedy

The Italian Empire (red) before World War II. Pink areas were annexed/occupied for various periods between 1940 and 1943 (the Tientsin concession in China is not shown).

A proportional representation of Italy exports, 2019

Milan is the economic capital of Italy, and is a global financial centre and a fashion capital of the world.

Erwin Rommel meeting Italian General Italo Gariboldi in Tripoli, February 1941

Niccolò Machiavelli, author of The Prince

The Italian Army in Russia fought on the Eastern Front.

The Autostrada dei Laghi ("Lakes Motorway"), the first motorway built in the world

FS' Frecciarossa 1000 high speed train, with a maximum speed of 400 km/h

Cosimo I de' Medici, first Grand Duke of Tuscany

Territory of the Italian Social Republic and the South Kingdom

Trieste, the main port of the northern Adriatic and starting point of the Transalpine Pipeline

Three men executed by public hanging in a street of Rimini, 1944

ENI is considered one of the world's oil and gas "Supermajors".

Pinocchio, created by Carlo Collodi (1883)

Rebels celebrating the liberation of Naples, after the Four days of Naples (27–30 September 1943)

Solar panels in Piombino. Italy is one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy.

Members of the Italian resistance in Ossola, 1944

A trait that shows the structure of the Calà del Sasso

Galileo Galilei, the father of modern science, physics and astronomy

Enrico Fermi, creator of the world's first first nuclear reactor

The Amalfi Coast is one of Italy's major tourist destinations.

Map of Italy's population density at the 2011 census

Italy is home to a large population of migrants from Eastern Europe and North Africa.

Linguistic map showing the languages spoken in Italy

Vatican City, the Holy See's sovereign territory

Bologna University, established in AD 1088, is the world's oldest academic institution.

Olive oil and vegetables are central to the Mediterranean diet.

The Last Supper (1494–1499), Leonardo da Vinci, Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

Michelangelo's David (1501–1504), Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence

The Birth of Venus (1484–1486), Sandro Botticelli, Uffizi Gallery, Florence

Dante shown holding a copy of the Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the mount of Purgatory and the city of Florence, with the spheres of Heaven above, in Michelino's fresco, 1465

Niccolò Machiavelli, founder of modern political science and ethics

Pinocchio is one of the world's most translated books and a canonical piece of children's literature.

Clockwise from top left: Thomas Aquinas, proponent of natural theology and the Father of Thomism; Giordano Bruno, one of the major scientific figures of the Western world; Cesare Beccaria, considered the Father of criminal justice and modern criminal law; and Maria Montessori, credited with the creation of the Montessori education

Statues of Pantalone and Harlequin, two stock characters from the Commedia dell'arte, in the Museo Teatrale alla Scala

Dario Fo, one of the most widely performed playwrights in modern theatre, received international acclaim for his highly improvisational style.

Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly and Turandot, are among the most frequently worldwide performed in the standard repertoire

Luciano Pavarotti, considered one of the finest tenors of the 20th century and the "King of the High Cs"

Giorgio Moroder, pioneer of Italo disco and electronic dance music, is known as the "Father of disco".

The Azzurri in 2012. Football is the most popular sport in Italy.

Starting in 1909, the Giro d'Italia is the Grands Tours' second oldest.

A Ferrari SF21 by Scuderia Ferrari, the most successful Formula One team

Prada shop at Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan

The traditional recipe for spaghetti with tomato and basil sauce

The Frecce Tricolori, with the smoke trails representing the national colours of Italy, during the celebrations of the Festa della Repubblica

The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world.

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946, when civil discontent led an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.

- Kingdom of Italy

Its population is about five million, ranking fourth in Italy.

- Veneto

Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory.

- Kingdom of Italy

After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was combined with Lombardy and annexed to the Austrian Empire as the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, until that was merged with the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence.

- Veneto

Tuscany is the second most popular Italian region for travellers in Italy, after Veneto.

- Tuscany

After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1861 following a war of independence, establishing the Kingdom of Italy.

- Italy

After the Second Italian War of Independence, a revolution evicted the last Grand Duke, and after a plebiscite, Tuscany became part of the new Kingdom of Italy.

- Tuscany

In 1860, Italy lacked a single national language: toscano (Tuscan), which is what we now know as Italian, was only used as a literary language and in Tuscany, while outside other languages were dominant.

- Kingdom of Italy

In 1866, Victor Emmanuel II allied with Prussia during the Austro-Prussian War, waging the Third Italian War of Independence which allowed Italy to annexe Venetia.

- Italy

Padua was a cradle of the Venetian Renaissance, Where influences from Tuscany and Umbria filtered north.

- Veneto

The high geothermal gradient that forms part of the peninsula makes it potentially exploitable also in other regions; research carried out in the 1960s and 1970s identified potential geothermal fields in Lazio and Tuscany, as well as in most volcanic islands.

- Italy

A report on Kingdom of Italy, Veneto, Italy and Tuscany

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